Redox‐Mediated Artificial Non‐Enzymatic Antioxidant MXene Nanoplatforms for Acute Kidney Injury Alleviation

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI), as a common oxidative stress-related renal disease, causes high mortality in clinics annually, and many other clinical diseases, including the pandemic COVID-19, have a high potential to cause AKI, yet only rehydration, renal dialysis, and other supportive therapies are available for AKI in the clinics. Nanotechnology-mediated antioxidant therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI treatment. However, current enzyme-mimicking nanoantioxidants show poor biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as non-specific ROS level regulation, further potentially causing deleterious adverse effects. Herein, the authors report a novel non-enzymatic antioxidant strategy based on ultrathin Ti 3 C 2 -PVP nanosheets (TPNS) with excellent biocompatibility and great chemical reactivity toward multiple ROS for AKI treatment. These TPNS nanosheets exhibit enzyme/ROS-triggered biodegradability and broad-spectrum ROS scavenging ability through the readily occurring redox reaction between Ti 3 C 2 and various ROS, as verified by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that TPNS can serve as efficient antioxidant platforms to scavenge the overexpressed ROS and subsequently suppress oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response through inhibition of NF-B signal pathway for AKI treatment. This study highlights a new type of therapeutic agent, that is, the redox-mediated non-enzymatic antioxidant MXene nanoplatforms in treatment of AKI and other ROS-associated diseases.

Tailored Hydrogel Delivering Niobium Carbide Boosts ROS‐Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities for Diabetic Wound Healing

“…ROS levels at the wound site were examined on day 4 and day 17 after surgery using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. [52,53] As expected, the diabetic wounds showed strong red fluorescence signals on day 4 and 17 postwounding, indicating that the diabetic wounds had high ROS levels (Figure 6d). As shown in Figure 6d,e, the red fluorescence signals in diabetic wounds showed a stark reduction after Nb 2 C@Gel treatment, while no such effect was noted in the Gel group.…”

Scavenging ROS to Alleviate Acute Liver Injury by ZnO‐NiO@COOH

“…Interdisciplinary and cross‐application is the inevitable trend of future scientific development. [ 38 ] Precision medicine is the most popular concept in recent years. From diagnosis, treatment to prognosis, all aspects of medical treatment are looking for suitable ways to achieve precision medicine.…”

Smart MXene Quantum Dot-Based Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications

“…Qi et al [ 86 ] reported the high scavenging activity of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (95% in 10 min) at a low dose (0.06 mg mL −1 ). Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidant tactics based on MXene-based materials was illustrated for the treatment of diseases [ 87 ]. It was indicated that nanosheets of Ti 3 C 2 -polyvinylpyrrolidone demonstrated high biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as superb chemical reactivity toward multiple ROS for treating acute kidney injury [ 87 ].…”

“…Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidant tactics based on MXene-based materials was illustrated for the treatment of diseases [ 87 ]. It was indicated that nanosheets of Ti 3 C 2 -polyvinylpyrrolidone demonstrated high biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as superb chemical reactivity toward multiple ROS for treating acute kidney injury [ 87 ]. Several studies have been undertaken on antioxidant and scavenging properties of MXenes and MXene-based nanocomposites.…”