Redox basis of exercise physiology

Margaritelis, Nikos V.; Paschalis, Vassilis; Theodorou, Anastasios A.; Kyparos, Antonios; Nikolaidis, Michalis G.

doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101499

Cited by 74 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 389 publications

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“…Despite the traditional view that ROS are primarily harmful molecules, more recent evidence has shown that transient and physiological exercise-induced increases in skeletal muscle ROS production are required for optimal contractile function (5,6), and mediate several acute and chronic exercise adaptations through the activation of redox-sensitive signalling pathways (7). This likely explains why some studies have shown that supplementation with general antioxidants can attenuate training-induced improvements in performance (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…min at 100 W, followed by 1 min at 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% peak power output (determined during the VO 2peak test), then 5 min at 100 W. Participants then cycled at a workload that elicited 70% VO 2peak for 45 min. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured using the Borg scale(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and respiratory gases were collected at 15-and 30-min for 3 min. Participants then immediately completed an 8 km time trial, which they were instructed to nish in the shortest time possible.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation improves 8 km time trial performance in middle-aged trained male cyclists

Broome

Braakhuis

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundExercise increases skeletal muscle ROS production, which may contribute to the onset of muscular fatigue and impair athletic performance. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ are becoming popular amongst active individuals as they are designed to accumulate within mitochondria and may provide targeted protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, the effect of MitoQ supplementation on cycling performance is currently unknown. Here we investigate whether MitoQ supplementation can improve cycling performance measured as time to complete an 8 km time trial.MethodIn a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 19 middle-aged (age: 44 ± 4 years) recreationally trained (VO2peak: 58.5 ± 6.2 ml·kg·min− 1, distance cycled per week during six months prior to study enrollment: 158.3 ± 58.4 km) male cyclists completed 45 min cycling at 70% VO2peak followed by an 8 km time trial after 28 days of supplementation with MitoQ (20 mg/day) and a placebo. Free F2-isoprostanes were measured in plasma samples collected at rest, after 45 min cycling at 70% VO2peak and after completion of the time trial. Respiratory gases and measures of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also collected.ResultsMean completion time for the time trial was 1.3% faster with MitoQ (12.91 ± 0.94 min) compared to placebo (13.09 ± 0.95 min, P = 0.04 95% CI [0.05, 2.64], d = 0.2). There was no difference in RPE during the time trial between conditions (P = 0.82) despite average power output during the time trial being higher following MitoQ supplementation (280 ± 53 W) compared to placebo (270 ± 51 W, P = 0.04). Plasma F2-isoprostanes were lower on completion of the time trial following MitoQ supplementation (35.89 ± 13.6 pg/ml) compared to placebo (44.7 ± 16.9 pg/ml P = 0.03).ConclusionThese data suggest that MitoQ supplementation may be an effective nutritional strategy to attenuate exercise-induced increases in oxidative damage to lipids and improve cycling performance.Trial registrationThis study was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619000451101) on 19th March 2019.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation improves 8 km time trial performance in middle-aged trained male cyclists

Broome

Braakhuis

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Second, Click PEGylation could be used to assess exercise-induced redox signaling [177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184]. A recent comprehensive review [185] concluded that redox signaling is central to exercise responses and adaptations (e.g., mitochondrial biogenesis [186,187]). Knowledge of exercise induced redox signaling in human skeletal muscle is, however, fragmentary [188,189].…”

Section: Opportunities: How To Use Click Pegylation To Advance Knowlementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Techniques to Assess Protein Thiol Redox State: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions

Cobley

Husi

2020

Antioxidants

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To understand oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and redox signaling in health and disease it is essential to assess protein thiol redox state. Protein thiol redox state is seldom assessed immunologically because of the inability to distinguish reduced and reversibly oxidized thiols by Western blotting. An underappreciated opportunity exists to use Click PEGylation to realize the transformative power of simple, time and cost-efficient immunological techniques. Click PEGylation harnesses selective, bio-orthogonal Click chemistry to separate reduced and reversibly oxidized thiols by selectively ligating a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol moiety to the redox state of interest. The resultant ability to disambiguate reduced and reversibly oxidized species by Western blotting enables Click PEGylation to assess protein thiol redox state. In the present review, to enable investigators to effectively harness immunological techniques to assess protein thiol redox state we critique the chemistry, promise and challenges of Click PEGylation.

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“…Skeletal muscle function and fatigue development depend on several factors (i. e., physiological, biochemical, psychological, etc.). It is becoming apparent that redox processes regulate many physiological functions, including skeletal muscle function [40]. It appears that an 'optimal' redox balance is needed for normal muscle function, as described by the hormesis framework in an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship [41].…”

Section: Association Between Cysteine Intake Glutathione Levels Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cysteine Intake is Associated with Blood Glutathione Levels and Isometric Strength

et al. 2020

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Glutathione is the most abundant cellular antioxidant and regulates redox homeostasis. Healthy individuals with certain antioxidant inadequacies/deficiencies exhibit impairments in physiological functions. The aim was to investigate whether low levels of dietary cysteine intake are associated with a) lower erythrocyte glutathione, b) increased plasma F 2 -isoprostanes, and c) impaired muscle function. Towards this aim, we recorded the dietary intake of the three amino acids that synthesize glutathione (i. e., glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine) in forty-one healthy individuals, and subsequently measured erythrocyte glutathione levels. Maximal isometric strength and fatigue index were also assessed using an electronic handgrip dynamometer. Our findings indicate that dietary cysteine intake was positively correlated with glutathione levels (r=0.765, p<0.001). In addition, glutathione levels were negatively correlated with F2-isoprostanes (r=− 0.311, p=0.048). An interesting finding was that glutathione levels and cysteine intake were positively correlated with maximal handgrip strength (r=0.416, p=0.007 and r=0.343, p=0.028, respectively). In conclusion, glutathione concentration is associated with cysteine intake, while adequate cysteine levels were important for optimal redox status and muscle function. This highlights the importance of proper nutritional intake and biochemical screening with the goal of personalized nutrition.

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Redox basis of exercise physiology

Cited by 74 publications

References 389 publications

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation improves 8 km time trial performance in middle-aged trained male cyclists

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation improves 8 km time trial performance in middle-aged trained male cyclists

Immunological Techniques to Assess Protein Thiol Redox State: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions

Dietary Cysteine Intake is Associated with Blood Glutathione Levels and Isometric Strength

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