Redistribution of phosphoric acid in membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells

One possible solution of combating issues posed by climate change is the use of the High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) in some applications. The typical HT-PEMFC operating temperatures are in the range of 100e200 o C which allows for co-generation of heat and power, high tolerance to fuel impurities and simpler system design. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC, ranging from cell materials to stack and stack testing. Only acid doped PBI membranes meet the US DOE (Department of Energy) targets for high temperature membranes operating under no humidification on both anode and cathode sides (barring the durability). This eliminates the stringent requirement for humidity however, they have many potential drawbacks including increased degradation, leaching of acid and incompatibility with current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials. In this type of fuel cell, the choice of membrane material determines the other fuel cell component material composition, for example when using an acid doped system, the flow field plate material must be carefully selected to take into account the advanced degradation. Novel research is required in all aspects of the fuel cell components in order to ensure that they meet stringent durability requirements for mobile applications.

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“…Wannek et al [57,77] reported a power density of 120 mW at 600 mV after only 11 min of operation for an ABPBI membrane.…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

792

444

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“…These advantages can simplify the fuel cell system design by removing the humidifier and adapting a simpler reformer. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is usually used as membrane for a phosphoric-acid-based PEMFC [4][5][6]. PBI has excellent durability at temperatures up to 200 °C and retains its mechanical strength, even after absorbing phosphoric acid [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Cross-Linked Copolymer Membranes Based on Poly(benzoxazine) and Polybenzimidazole and Their Application to an Electrolyte Membrane for a High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell

et al. 2013

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Elevated-temperature (100~200 °C) polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells have many features, such as their high efficiency and simple system design, that make them ideal for residential micro-combined heat and power systems and as a power source for fuel cell electric vehicles. A proton-conducting solid-electrolyte membrane having high conductivity and durability at elevated temperatures is essential, and phosphoric-acid-containing polymeric material synthesized from cross-linked polybenzoxazine has demonstrated feasible characteristics. This paper reviews the design rules, synthesis schemes, and characteristics of this unique polymeric material. Additionally, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) utilizing this polymer membrane is evaluated in terms of its power density and lifecycle by an in situ accelerated lifetime test. This paper also covers an in-depth discussion ranging from the polymer material design to the cell performance in consideration of commercialization requirements. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2013, 5 78

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“…The electrode morphology and the gas diffusion backing layer properties, such as the presence of a microporous layer (MPL), hydrophobic treatment, and mean pore size, can significantly impact acid transport and distribution [24][25][26][27][28]. A particularly detrimental phenomenon is the leaching of PA out of the electrodes, through the gas diffusion backing layer and towards the flow field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A particularly detrimental phenomenon is the leaching of PA out of the electrodes, through the gas diffusion backing layer and towards the flow field. PA leaching is particularly dominant at the cathode side, where water is produced and air/O2 flow rates are relatively high compared to anode flow rates [28,29]. The mixture of PA and product water can also corrode the bipolar plates and other parts of the cell system [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the microporous layer in the redistribution of phosphoric acid in high temperature PEM fuel cell gas diffusion electrodes

Chevalier

Fazeli

Mack

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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Redistribution of phosphoric acid in membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Cited by 107 publications

References 17 publications

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Design and Synthesis of Cross-Linked Copolymer Membranes Based on Poly(benzoxazine) and Polybenzimidazole and Their Application to an Electrolyte Membrane for a High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell

Role of the microporous layer in the redistribution of phosphoric acid in high temperature PEM fuel cell gas diffusion electrodes

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