Redesigning European Public Transport: Impact of New Battery Technologies in the Design of Electric Bus Fleets

Carrilero, Isabel; González, M.; Anseán, David; Viera, J.C.; Chacón, Joaquı́n; Pereirinha, Paulo G.

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2018.10.092

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Moro and Lonza [16] argue that another methodology the Well-To-Wheels (WTW) is used for policy making in transportation sector, they have calculated that Greenhouse gas (GHG) trade between countries, affect the carbon intensity of electricity consumed at national level. Carrilero et al [17], in his study on the European Union's several electric battery bus projects, described the advantages and disadvantages of different batteries and charging technologies used in the projects. According to Biresselioglu et al [18], motivators and barriers are important for EU goals to be achieved.…”

Section: Subject Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Analysis of International Energy Trade: A Strategic Outlook for EU-15

2019

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This study aims to analyse the international energy trade in EU-15. Within this context, 6 items of international transport and energy trade have been selected to evaluate the performance of European Union (EU) 15 countries. For this purpose, a comparative analysis has been applied by including and excluding the data of energy trade in international transport for the years between 2013 and 2016. In this framework, interval type-2 fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approaches are considered. The findings show that road and sea have the highest importance for international transport and energy trade. However, pipeline and electricity, which represent the energy trade, take place on the last ranks. Another important conclusion is that there is almost no difference in the ranking of international transport performance including and excluding energy trade. While considering these issues, it is recommended that that European countries should take some actions to increase the energy production. The main reason is that it has a positive influence on both international trade volume and industrial production. Thus, they can focus on renewable energy production which leads to lower cost in this process.

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Section: Subject Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Analysis of International Energy Trade: A Strategic Outlook for EU-15

2019

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“…(i) Top-down Pantograph: The charging setup is mounted on the roof of the bus stop therefore it is commonly known as an off-board top-down pantograph. This method provides high power direct current which is already demonstrated in Singapore, Germany, and the U.S. [49]. (ii) Bottom-up Pantograph: This type of charging method is suitable for those applications where the charging equipment is already installed in the bus.…”

Section: Conductive Charging (Cc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research.

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“…The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery) or lithium ferrophosphate battery (LFP battery), is a type of Li-ion battery using LiFePO 4 as the cathode material and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode 53 – 55 . Although LFP batteries have a slightly lower energy density compared to other Li-ion cell chemistries due to their lower operating voltage, their special features, such as low cost, low toxicity, low self-discharge, high cycle life, high power, and high thermal stability, make them finds many roles in vehicle usage 56 – 58 , utility-scale stationary application 59 – 61 , and backup power 62 – 64 . The test procedures are designed according to UL 1974 and used to evaluate the safety and performance of the repurposed LFP batteries.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge and discharge profiles of repurposed LiFePO4 batteries based on the UL 1974 standard

Chung

2021

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Owing to the popularization of electric vehicles worldwide and the development of renewable energy supply, Li-ion batteries are widely used from small-scale personal mobile products to large-scale energy storage systems. Recently, the number of retired power batteries has largely increased, causing environmental protection threats and waste of resources. Since most of the retired power batteries still possess about 80% of their initial capacity, their second use becomes a possible route to solve the emergent problem. Safety and performance are important when using these second-use repurposed batteries. Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a global safety certification company, published the standard for evaluating the safety and performance of repurposed batteries, i.e., UL 1974. In this work, the test procedures are designed according to UL 1974, and the charge and discharge profile datasets of the LiFePO4 repurposed batteries are provided. Researchers and engineers can use the characteristic curves to evaluate the quality of the repurposed batteries. Furthermore, the profile datasets can be applied in the model-based engineering of repurposed batteries, e.g., fitting the variables of an empirical model or validating the results of a theoretical model.

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Redesigning European Public Transport: Impact of New Battery Technologies in the Design of Electric Bus Fleets

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Financial Analysis of International Energy Trade: A Strategic Outlook for EU-15

Financial Analysis of International Energy Trade: A Strategic Outlook for EU-15

Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

Charge and discharge profiles of repurposed LiFePO4 batteries based on the UL 1974 standard

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