Redeployment Based Sensing Hole Mitigation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Kosar, Rabun; Onur, Ertan; Ersoy, Cem

doi:10.1109/wcnc.2009.4917938

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the worst case, this can cause the entire network to lose communication, making data collection impossible [ 7 , 8 ]. As such, an area where data collection is no longer possible is called a sensing hole [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ping-Pong Free Advanced and Energy Efficient Sensor Relocation for IoT-Sensory Network

Kim

Park

Lee

2020

Sensors

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With the growing interest in big data technology, mobile IoT devices play an essential role in data collection. Generally, IoT sensor nodes are randomly distributed to areas where data cannot be easily collected. Subsequently, when data collection is impossible (i.e., sensing holes occurrence situation) due to improper placement of sensors or energy exhaustion of sensors, the sensors should be relocated. The cluster header in the sensing hole sends requests to neighboring cluster headers for the sensors to be relocated. However, it can be possible that sensors in the specific cluster zones near the sensing hole are continuously requested to move. With this knowledge, there can be a ping-pong problem, where the cluster headers in the neighboring sensing holes repeatedly request the movement of the sensors in the counterpart sensing hole. In this paper, we first proposed the near-uniform selection and movement scheme of the sensors to be relocated. By this scheme, the energy consumption of the sensors can be equalized, and the sensing capability can be extended. Thus the network lifetime can be extended. Next, the proposed relocation protocol resolves a ping-pong problem using queues with request scheduling. Another crucial contribution of this paper is that performance was analyzed using the fully-customed OMNeT++ simulator to reflect actual environmental conditions, not under over-simplified artificial network conditions. The proposed relocation protocol demonstrates a uniform and energy-efficient movement with ping-pong free capability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ping-Pong Free Advanced and Energy Efficient Sensor Relocation for IoT-Sensory Network

Kim

Park

Lee

2020

Sensors

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“…A region which is not covered by a data-collecting sensor node is called a “sensing hole”. That is, as the number of faulty sensors increases, sensing holes emerge [9]. The main reason of this sensor death is power depletion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Distance-Aware Hopping Sensor Relocation for Wireless Sensor Networks

Kim

Park

Lee

2019

Sensors

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Recent advances in big data technology collecting and analyzing large amounts of valuable data have attracted a lot of attention. When the information in non-reachable areas is required, IoT wireless sensor network technologies have to be applied. Sensors fundamentally have energy limitations, and it is almost impossible to replace energy-depleted sensors that have been deployed in an inaccessible region. Therefore, moving healthy sensors into the sensing hole will recover the faulty sensor area. In rough surfaces, hopping sensors would be more appropriate than wheel-driven mobile sensors. Sensor relocation algorithms to recover sensing holes have been researched variously in the past. However, the majority of studies to date have been inadequate in reality, since they are nothing but theoretical studies which assume that all the topology in the network is known and then computes the shortest path based on the nonrealistic backing up knowledge—The topology information. In this paper, we first propose a distributed hopping sensor relocation protocol. The possibility of movement of the hopping sensor is also considered to recover sensing holes and is not limited to applying the shortest path strategy. Finally, a performance analysis using OMNeT++ has demonstrated the solidification of the excellence of the proposed protocol.

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“…This case is called a sensor node failure, the communication of the entire network may be disconnected, and the desired data could not be collected in the worst case. The particular area, where a certain number of sensors become faulted and cannot collect the interested data anymore, is called as a sensing hole [7]. In order to prevent a sensing hole occurred, various studies such as schemes of minimizing energy consumption by adjusting the active/idle states and energy efficient routing protocols have been conducted [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Wireless Hopping Sensor Relocation Based on Prediction of Terrain Conditions

2019

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It is inevitable for data collection that IoT sensors are distributed to interested areas. However, not only the proper placement of sensors, but also the replacement of sensors that have run out of energy is very difficult. As a remedy, wireless charging systems for IoT sensors have been researched recently, but it is apparent that the availability of charging system is limited especially for IoT sensors scattered in rugged terrain. Thus, it is important that the sensor relocation models to recover sensing holes employ energy-efficient scheme. While there are various methods in the mobile model of wireless sensors, well-known wheel-based movements in rough areas are hard to achieve. Thus, research is ongoing in various areas of the hopping mobile model in which wireless sensors jump. Many past studies about hopping sensor relocation assume that all sensor nodes are aware of entire network information throughout the network. These assumptions do not fit well to the actual environment, and they are nothing but classical theoretical research. In addition, the physical environment (sand, mud, etc.) of the area in which the sensor is deployed can change from time to time. In this paper, we overcome the theoretical-based problems of the past researches and propose a new realistic hopping sensor relocation protocol considering terrain conditions. Since the status of obstacles around the sensing hole is unknown, the success rate of the hopping sensor relocation is used to predict the condition of the surrounding environment. Also, we are confident that our team is uniquely implementing OMNeT++ (Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++) simulation in the hopping sensor relocation protocol to reflect the actual communication environment. Simulations have been performed on various obstacles for performance evaluation and analysis, and we are confident that better energy efficiency with later appearance of sensing holes can be achieved compared to well-known relocation protocols.

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Redeployment Based Sensing Hole Mitigation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Ping-Pong Free Advanced and Energy Efficient Sensor Relocation for IoT-Sensory Network

Ping-Pong Free Advanced and Energy Efficient Sensor Relocation for IoT-Sensory Network

Energy and Distance-Aware Hopping Sensor Relocation for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy-Efficient Wireless Hopping Sensor Relocation Based on Prediction of Terrain Conditions

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