Redefining a Structural Variant of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome
            <i>mec</i>
            , SCC
            <i>mec</i>
            Type VI

Oliveira, Duarte C.; Milheiriço, Catarina; Lencastre, Herminia Garcez

doi:10.1128/aac.00629-06

Cited by 171 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Following the initial description of the SCCmec element (30), SCCmec types I, II, and III were retrospectively identified in nosocomial MRSA strains isolated in 1961 (NCTC10442), 1982 (N315), and 1985 (85/2082), respectively (29). Subsequently, two different candidates for SCCmec IV were proposed by Oliveira et al (61) (HDE288) and Ma et al (50) (CA05, 8/6-3P); the former has since been reclassified as SCCmec type VI (58). Ito and colleagues later described a strain (WIS) bearing a novel ccr element (ccrC) and mec class (C2); this type was accordingly named SCCmec V (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing

et al. 2009

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Rapid identification and typing of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important for understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of MRSA and offers many advantages for controlling transmission in both health care and community settings. We developed a rapid molecular beacon real-time PCR (MB-PCR) assay for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The design of this system is based on the established definition of SCCmec types, namely, the combination of the mec class complex with the ccr allotype. The assay consists of two multiplex panels, the combination of which results in two targets (mec class, ccr) for each SCCmec type. MB-PCR panel I targets mecA, ccrB2, mecI, and the ⌬mecR1-IS1272 junction (mec class B); it can definitively identify SCCmec types II and IV. MB-PCR panel II detects ccrC, ccrB1, ccrB3, ccrB4, and the ⌬mecR1-IS431 junction (mec class C2) and is therefore capable of identifying SCCmec types I, III, V, and VI in combination with panel I. The method can also detect the recently described novel SCCmec type VIII (ccrAB4 with mec class A). Our assay demonstrated 100% concordance when applied to 162 MRSA strains previously characterized by traditional SCCmec typing schemes. Four geographically and temporally diverse S. aureus collections were also successfully classified by our assay, along with 1,683 clinical isolates comprising both hospital-and community-associated MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains. As many as 96 isolates can be classified easily within 3 to 4 h, including DNA isolation, PCR cycling, and analysis. The assay is rapid, robust, sensitive, and cost-effective, allowing for high-throughput SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates.

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Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing

et al. 2009

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“…SCCmec elements can integrate into the genome of staphylococci at a unique site near its origin of replication (7). Six different types of SCCmec have been identified on the basis of structural differences in both the recombinase gene complex and a second gene complex that includes mecA plus regulatory components (8,9). Population biology studies based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have indicated that MRSA have evolved multiple times through the acquisition of different types of SCCmec by distinct phylogenetic lineages of S. aureus (10).…”

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Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Nübel

Filloux

Feldkamp

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

239

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A small number of clonal lineages dominates the global population structure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resulting in the concept that MRSA has emerged on a few occasions after penicillinase-stable ␤-lactam antibiotics were introduced to clinical practice, followed by intercontinental spread of individual clones. We investigated the evolutionary history of an MRSA clone (ST5) by mutation discovery at 108 loci (46 kb) within a global collection of 135 isolates. The SNPs that were ascertained define a radial phylogenetic structure within ST5 consisting of at least 5 chains of mutational steps that define geographically associated clades. These clades are not concordant with previously described groupings based on staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing. By mapping the number of independent imports of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin-resistance island, we also show that import has occurred on at least 23 occasions within this single sequence type and that the progeny of such recombinant strains usually are distributed locally rather than globally. These results provide strong evidence that geographical spread of MRSA over long distances and across cultural borders is a rare event compared with the frequency with which the staphylococcal cassette chromosome island has been imported.antibiotic resistance ͉ evolution ͉ phylogeography ͉ SNP

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“…Methicillin resistance is mediated by the mecA gene, which is located on a large staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element. SCCmec elements are characterized by the completeness of the methicillin resistance regulon containing mecA, by the allotype of the recombinase genes ccrA and ccrB, and by the general genetic structure (2,12,20). SCCmec are delineated by two inverted repeats, IR-L and IR-R (Fig.…”

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Characterization of New Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec ) and Topoisomerase Genes in Fluoroquinolone- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

2008

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Fluoroquinolone-and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates harbor two new staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements that belong to class A, allotype 3 (SCCmec II-III), and to the new allotype 5 (SCCmec VII). Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of the topoisomerase loci gyrB/gyrA and grlB/grlA revealed mutations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance.

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Redefining a Structural Variant of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec , SCC mec Type VI

Cited by 171 publications

References 22 publications

Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing

Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing

Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Characterization of New Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec ) and Topoisomerase Genes in Fluoroquinolone- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

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