RED GINGER (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum):  ITS CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND SAFETY

Supu, Rini Daud; Diantini, Ajeng; Levita, Jutti

doi:10.33751/jf.v8i1.1168

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Red ginger juice has a strong aroma so that the aroma of different gelling agents does not affect the aroma of the jelly sticks [7]. The aroma score ranges from 4.1 to 4.6, which means it has a slightly ginger aroma.…”

Section: Organoleptic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristic of Red Ginger Jelly Stick with Variation Type of Gelling Agent

Mastuti¹,

Setiawanto²

2022

Advances in Biological Sciences Research

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Jelly stick is a semi-solid product which is made with the addition of a gelling agent. Jelly sticks have a different texture compared to ordinary jelly. This product is easy to consume, more sticky and chewy. Ginger is widely available in Indonesia, has high antioxidants and can enhance human immunity especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The general objective of this research is to utilize ginger juice in the manufacture of jelly stick products that have texture like commercial ones. The research is divided into two stages. The first stage aims to determine the type of ginger that will be used for jelly sticks. The types of ginger are small white ginger (emprit), big white ginger (gajah), and red ginger. The selected ginger juice is red ginger juice with a value of antioxidant activity IC50 33537.24±807.34 ppm, total phenolic 571.37 ± 19.20 mg GAE/L, and total flavonoid content was 73.43 ± 2.40 mg QE/L. In second stage, jelly stick was made using different types of gelling agents. There were carrageenan, carrageenan:pectin (1:1), carrageenan:pectin (1:2), carrageenan:pectin (2:1), carrageenan:konjac (1:1), carrageenan:konjac (1:2), and carrageenan:konjac (2:1). The samples were analyzed for texture, color and organoleptic test. The best red ginger jelly stick was jelly made using carrageenan:konjac (2:1). The red ginger jelly stick had values of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness closest to the commercial one. The best jelly stick had an antioxidant activity IC50 value of 63685.97±1990.85 ppm, total phenolic 266.50 mg GAE/L, total flavonoid 42.81 mg QE/L and dietary fiber content was 2.38%

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Section: Organoleptic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds are phenolic compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, and zingerone [6]. The types of ginger that grow in Indonesia can be distinguished based on the size, color of the rhizome and its content, namely big white ginger (gajah), small white ginger (emprit), and red ginger [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic of Red Ginger Jelly Stick with Variation Type of Gelling Agent

Mastuti¹,

Setiawanto²

2022

Advances in Biological Sciences Research

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“…LD50 is defined as the dose of a substance that will result in at least 50% mortality when administered to a given number of animals. While some studies reported Zingiber officinale LD50 to be less than 2000 mg/kg (Anosike et al, 2009;Supu et al, 2018;Benny et al, 2021), others reported a higher LD50 of 4525 mg/kg (Abdulrazaq et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity and Effect of Prolonged Oral administration of Zingiber officinale ethanol extract on Liver and Kidney Histology in Rats

Hamman¹,

Garba²,

Jacks³

et al. 2022

AJBAR

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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of 28-day repeated administration of Zingiber officinale on the histology of the liver and kidney in Wistar rats. An acute toxicity test was carried out using 12 rats. In phase one, nine rats were allotted into three groups and received Zingiber officinale ethanol extract at 10mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg respectively. In phase two, three rats received Zingiber officinale ethanol extract at 1600mg/kg, 2900mg/kg, and 5000mg/kg respectively. Twenty-five rats were distributed into five groups. The groups received distilled water and ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale at 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg respectively for 28 days. On the 29th day, all the rats were euthanized. The oral LD50 of Zingiber officinale ethanol extract was calculated to be 3800 mg/kg in rats. The rats that received Zingiber officinale ethanol extract up to 1600 mg/kg showed no signs of toxicity and mortality. The liver of rats that received Zingiber officinale at 150 mg/kg showed distorted hepatocytes and pyknosis. The kidney of 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg Zingiber officinale treated rats showed normal glomerulus and normal Bowman’s capsule with severe renal tubular distortion. In conclusion, Zingiber officinale is less toxic. However, long term administration might lead to liver and kidney damage and eventual death.

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“…Many scientific studies worldwide have proven the efficacy of red ginger in a wide array of diseases—metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, infectious, and cancer. Despite red ginger being relatively safe [ 94 , 95 ], consuming large amounts of ginger can cause hypoglycemia and spontaneous miscarriage [ 96 , 97 ]. However, there are no reports of clinical studies om red ginger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses

et al. 2022

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Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical constituents have been reported from red ginger. The constituents include vanilloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoids, amino acids, etc. Red ginger has many therapeutic roles in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, vomiting, rubella, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, growth disorders, and cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that red ginger exhibits immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. These biological activities are the underlying causes of red ginger’s therapeutic benefits. In addition, there have been few reports on adverse side effects of red ginger. This review aims to provide insights in terms the bioactive constituents and their biosynthesis, biological activities, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of red ginger.

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RED GINGER (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum): ITS CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND SAFETY

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Characteristic of Red Ginger Jelly Stick with Variation Type of Gelling Agent

Characteristic of Red Ginger Jelly Stick with Variation Type of Gelling Agent

Acute Toxicity and Effect of Prolonged Oral administration of Zingiber officinale ethanol extract on Liver and Kidney Histology in Rats

Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses

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