Ginger (Zingiber officinale) which belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, was first cultivated in Asia (Indonesia and Malaysia). This plant is one of the most commonly used herbal supplements taken by many patients to treat various conditions. Z.officinale has three varieties based on its size, colors of rhizome and chemical constituents i.e. .Z. officinale var. officinale (big white ginger or giant ginger, badak or gajah), Z. officinale var. amarum (small white ginger, emprit), and Z. officinale var. rubrum (small red ginger, merah or beureum). These three varieties may partly be deferred from their essential oil contents and are used for different purposes. The essential oils contained in Z. officinale var. rubrum are higher than the other types of ginger, which makes stronger in its pungency smell and taste. There are many studies that confirm beneficial effects of red ginger against the symptoms of diseases, i.e. anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiemetic, antibacterial and antidiabetics. Z.officinale var. rubrum is considered to be a safe herbal medicine with only few and insignificant adverse/side effects. Although the medicinal properties of red ginger have been known, further trials in humans are required to determine the efficacy of red ginger (or one or more of its constituents) and to establish what, if any, adverse effects are observed.
Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is among the most widely consumed medicinal herbs in Indonesia. Ginger rhizome contains phenol compounds including gingerol and shogaol. 10-gingerol has been reported to exhibit the greatest anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities compared with those of other gingerols. Pharmacokinetic studies on ginger have been reported, but there is a lack of such study on red ginger. The present work studied the pharmacokinetics of 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol in the plasma of healthy subjects treated with a single dose of red ginger suspension. Healthy subjects (n=19) were given a single dose of red ginger suspension (2 g/15 ml), and blood samples were taken at baseline (0 min), 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Analysis of 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol was performed by dissolving 200 µl of the subjects' plasma in 800 µl acetonitrile. The mixture was vortexed and centrifuged at 20,440 × g for 15 min at room temperature. The supernatant was filtered using Millipore membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and injected into an RP-C18 column for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A mixture of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile (38:62) was used as the mobile phase. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax of 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol were 160.49 ng/ml (38 min) and 453.40 ng/ml (30 min), respectively. The elimination half-lives were 336 and 149 min for 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol, respectively. Thus, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol were absorbed after per oral single dose of red ginger suspension and could be quantified in the plasma of the healthy subjects. Additionally, the red ginger analytes exhibited relatively slow elimination half-lives.
African catfish is one of the freshwater fish with high albumin which plays a role in the process of new cell formation, so that, it can help the process of cell growth and can accelerate the healing of damaged skin cells due to an incision. This study aims to find out the effect of giving extract African Catfish meat on the length of time for the cuts healing process and the dose of African catfish extract that can provide the best effect in the cut healing process is given orally. This research is a laboratory experimental study with a cross-sectional research design with a post-test only control group design using 20 white rats as research subjects which were divided into a 25 ml dose treatment group, 50 ml, and 75 ml/200 grBB rats and negative control. Observations of cuts healing were carried out macroscopically with the parameters of reduced redness and edema and measuring the length of the incision using a ruler. Data analysis used the Kruskal walis test and post hoc test, the results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the negative control group and the P1, P2, and P3 groups. This shows that African Catfish meat extract affects wound healing. The P3 group (75 ml extract) had more effect on the cuts healing process than the P1 group (50 ml extract) and the P2 group (50 ml extract).
In general, the use of antibiotics in health care facilities is more widely used in hospitals, especially in post-surgical patients. Infections that often appear in post-surgical patients are surgical wound infections. Surgical wound infection (ILO) is an infection in the incision area or organ-space that occurs in patients after surgery. Antibiotics are the most widely used drug class in the world due to the high incidence of bacterial infections. One of the most common is resistance to antibiotics. The purpose of this research To determine the use of antibiotics in post-surgical patients in the inpatient installation of RSUD dr. Zainal Umar Sidiki. Evaluation the use of antibiotics was assessed using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/100 bed-days and 90% DU segment. The results of the evaluation showed that the most widely used antibiotic was ceftriaxone with a value of 27.54 DDD/100 bed-days and quantitative use of antibiotics in post-surgical patients at RSUD dr. Zainal Umar Sidki is 69.77 DDD/100 bed-days and antibiotics that fall into the 90% DU segment are ceftriaxone, cefadroxil, cefixime and ciprofloxacin. While those included in the 10% DU segment were clindamycin, moxifloxacin hcl, cefotaxime, amoxicillin and azythromicin.
This study aims to find out the level of satisfaction of outpatient BPJS patients to pharmaceutical services in the pharmaceutical installation of Dr. M.M DundaLimboto Hospital which is seen based on five dimensions, namely reliability dimension, responsiveness dimension, assurance dimension, tangible dimension, and empathy dimension. The type of this research is descriptive observational quantitative with a cross sectional research approach. The sources of data in this study are BPJS Rajal patients who receive pharmaceutical services at the Pharmacy Installation of RSUDdDr. M.M, DundaLimboto, with data obtained via filling out a questionnaire for each respondent, using five assessment scores, very satisfied 5, satisfied 4, quite satisfied 3, dissatisfied 2, and dissatisfied 1. The method used in the current studywas the customer satisfaction index (CSI) method aiming at knowing the level of customer satisfaction. The results show that the satisfaction of outpatient BPJS patients to pharmaceutical services at the pharmaceutical installation of Dr. M.M DundaLimboto Hospital is 79.93% categorized as satisfied.
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