Red Deer in Lithuania: History, Status and Management

Balčiauskas, Linas; Kawata, Yukichika

doi:10.3390/su142114091

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, agricultural fields attract deer, which are important tick hosts and have been suggested to be related to the increased risk of human TBE [ 29 , 30 ]. A recent study conducted in Lithuania revealed that the deer population has been exponentially increasing in the past 20 years [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania

Simkute,

Pautienius,

Grigas

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Wild rodents are considered to be one of the most important TBEV-amplifying reservoir hosts; therefore, they may be suitable for foci detection studies. To investigate the effectiveness of viral RNA detection in wild rodents for suspected TBEV foci confirmation, we trapped small rodents (n = 139) in various locations in Lithuania where TBEV was previously detected in questing ticks. Murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells were inoculated with each rodent sample to maximize the chances of detecting viral RNA in rodent samples. TBEV RNA was detected in 74.8% (CI 95% 66.7–81.1) of the brain and/or internal organ mix suspensions, and the prevalence rate increased significantly following sample cultivation in Neuro-2a cells. Moreover, a strong correlation (r = 0.88; p < 0.05) was found between the average monthly air temperature of rodent trapping and the TBEV RNA prevalence rate in cell culture isolates of rodent suspensions, which were PCR-negative before cultivation in cell culture. This study shows that wild rodents are suitable sentinel animals to confirm TBEV foci. In addition, the study results demonstrate that sample cultivation in cell culture is a highly efficient method for increasing TBEV viral load to detectable quantities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania

Simkute,

Pautienius,

Grigas

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…As we wrote earlier in [20], "Data on the population size and the number of hunted animals up to the 1990s were reported in the areas of forest enterprises and later in the areas of the hunting clubs. Snow-track counts with correction by the number of visually registered animals was the main method.…”

Section: Cervid Population Size and Hunting Bagmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…rely solely on official registration databases. Our previous study [53] indicated the presence of unreported ungulate roadkill in Lithuania, but their influence on the population dynamics of A. alces and C. elaphus were not discussed [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…With increasing population and associated roadkill in recent decades [17], not only does this have consequences for road safety, but it can also be a factor in the population dynamics of the cervids. This, however, is not fully understood and generally has not been utilized in population assessments and management [18], the usual consideration of the main ungulate mortality factors being hunting [19,20] and landscape changes [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Estonia, only S. scrofa-based UVCs were analyzed for temporal patterns [46]. In Lithuania, most of the publications concerning animal-vehicle collisions were produced by the authors of this paper [11,19,20,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], covering species composition, methodological, temporal and habitat-related roadkill aspects and the planning of mitigation measures. In Poland, most publications analyze various aspects of wild animals in general [56][57][58], including the influence of the COVID lockdown [59], while only a few are targeted specifically to A. alces or to all cervid species [60,61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Roadkill on Cervid Populations in Lithuania

Balčiauskas

Kučas

Balčiauskienė

2023

Forests

Self Cite

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Cervid roadkill, including moose, red deer and roe deer, can pose a risk to drivers and are frequently registered. However, the roadkill influence on overall cervid populations is not fully known, especially by roadkill that are not officially registered. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cervid roadkill on population abundance, evaluating (i) the proportion of ungulate–vehicle collisions not registered by official bodies, (ii) the number of roadkill in relation to hunted animals and (iii) the proportion of roadkill that occurs in forest habitat. The number of unreported roadkill was calculated based on a roadkill index assessed during 3815 registration sessions on main and national roads in Lithuania from 2002–2022. During this period, 373 moose, 712 red deer and 9179 roe deer roadkill were unreported, correlating to 13.8%, 95.8% and 31.1% of those registered by the Traffic Supervision Service. In conclusion, 39.5%, 17.5% and 20.1% of roadkill were registered on roads through forests. Moose roadkill amounted to a figure corresponding to 10% of those hunted, with the same figure for red deer being 1.8%, neither adding much mortality. At 16.5%–16.6%, the figure for roe deer might be important.

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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN POPULATION DENSITIES OF THE ROE DEER Capreolus capreolus AND THE RED DEER Cervus elaphus IN SW POLAND

KOPIJ¹

2023

AgricultForest

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Being the most abundant cervid across most European countries, the roe deer and red deer have an increasing ecological and economic importance and are subjected to intensive management. Using the hunting bags data, spatial and temporal changes in population densities of both species during the years 1981-2020 in SW Poland (29 358 km 2 , including 8411 km 2 forests) have been analyzed. In 1981In -1990In , 120 135, whereas in 1991In -2000 018 red deer were culled (61.5% increase). In 2001-2010 there were 195 563 individuals harvested (0.8% increase in relation to the previous decade). In 2011-2020, the harvest was 2.1-fold higher in relation to [1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990]. Crude population densities of the roe deer was spatially very varied, ranging from 4.8 ind./1000 ha to 209.9 ind./1000 ha. The ecological density was much lower and much less spatially varied (4.0 ind./1000 ha to 14.4 ind./1000 ha). In 1981In -1990In , 28 698, whereas in 1991In -2000 red deer were culled (57.7% increase). In 2001-2010 there were 49 504 individuals harvested (9.4% increase in relation to the previous decade). In 2011-2020, the harvest was 3.2-fold higher in relation to [1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990]. Crude population densities of the red deer ranged from 2.0 ind./1000 ha to 23.4 ind./1000 ha The ecological density was less varied spatially (<0.1 ind./1000 ha to 13.7 ind./1000 ha), both deer species are overabundant, and require carefully planned management in some ecoregions in SW Poland.

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Red Deer in Lithuania: History, Status and Management

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania

The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania

The Impact of Roadkill on Cervid Populations in Lithuania

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN POPULATION DENSITIES OF THE ROE DEER Capreolus capreolus AND THE RED DEER Cervus elaphus IN SW POLAND

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