Red blood cell membrane-enveloped O₂ self-supplementing biomimetic nanoparticles for tumor imaging-guided enhanced sonodynamic therapy

Abstract

Non-invasive sonodynamic therapy (SDT) was developed because of its advantages of high penetration depth and low side effects; however, tumor hypoxia greatly restricts its therapeutic effect. In this study, we aimed to develop ideal O2 self-supplementing nanoparticles for imaging-guided enhanced sonodynamic therapy of tumors with the adept coalescence of biology with nanotechnology.Methods: Based on the natural enzyme system of red blood cells (RBC), biomimetic nanoparticles (QD@P)Rs were fabricated by encapsulating Ag2S quantum dots (QD) in RBC vesicle membranes. The anti-tumor drug PEITC was employed to increase the intracellular H2O2 concentration in tumor cells.Results: In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and prolonged blood circulation of (QD@P)Rs. Following oral administration of PEITC in mice to improve the H2O2 concentration, the enzyme in the nanoprobe catalyzed endogenous H2O2 to increase O2 content and effectively alleviate tumor hypoxia. Triggered by ultrasound under the guidance of fluorescence imaging, (QD@P)Rs generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce tumor cell death, and the increased content of O2 significantly enhanced the effect of SDT.Conclusion: Ag2S QDs were used, for the first time, as a sonosensitizer in the SDT field. In this study, we integrated the advantages of the natural enzyme system and SDT to develop a novel approach for effective non-invasive treatment of cancer.

Reactive Oxygen Species‐Regulating Strategies Based on Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment

“…Common ROS‐generated nanoplatforms are widely applied in PDT, RT, or SDT. [ 142–144 ] However, most of the ROS‐generated processes are high dependence on the ambient O 2 , such as 1 O 2 and • O 2 − . Entirely depending on the endogenous O 2 supply is not conducive to the effective and persistent production of ROS in some pathological sites such as tumor.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Functionalized Sonodynamic Treatment for Improving Therapeutic Efficacy and Compliance of Orthotopic Oral Cancer

“…[ 6 ] During SDT process, ultrasound selectively activates the reaction between the sensitizers and oxygen within tumor to generate ROS, such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radicals, [ 7 ] resulting in cancer cell apoptosis and necrosis while minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissues. [ 8 ] Unlike photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is mainly for superficial types of skin cancer due to poor penetration depth of light, [ 9 ] SDT utilizes ultrasound (frequency of 1–3 MHz) and can penetrate into deep tissue to activate sonosensitizers, making it suitable for the treatment of most types of cancer. [ 10 ] Therefore, the unique advantages of SDT, including high tissue penetration depth, high remote spatiotemporal selectivity and noninvasive therapeutic features, may provide a promising treatment for oral cancer.…”

Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Assisted Combinational Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy

“…[ 63 ] Triggered by ultrasonic vibration, the produced electrons and holes were observed to be continuously separated by piezoelectricity, resulting in the formation of a strong built‐in electric field and surface charging, which subsequently catalyzed the generation of ROS for tumor eradication. In addition to the above mentioned, Ag 2 S quantum dots [ 64 ] and copper‐cysteamine [ 65 ] have also been recently found to be sensitized by US.…”