Recycling Potential of Building Materials: A Review

Nautiyal, Himanshu; Shree, Venu; Khurana, Sourabh; Kumar, Niraj; Varun, _

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-643-0_2

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Figure 2 depicts the process of preparation and casting of both composites. The designation of the specimens (Table 1) was based on the fiber dosage of the cement weight for FRM, (6, 8, and 10%) and the number of reinforcement layers for TRM (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The samples used for durability tests were those whose code ends in D. The final water/cement ratios (the final amount of water was calculated after weighing the amount The designation of the specimens (Table 1) was based on the fiber dosage of the cement weight for FRM, (6, 8, and 10%) and the number of reinforcement layers for TRM (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The building sector is increasingly interested in innovative sustainable solutions, i.e., materials obtained from recycling and reusing processes so that CO 2 emissions and energy intake can be reduced [4]. In this regard, fiber-and textile-reinforced mortars (FRM and TRM, hereinafter) have generated great interest among both the scientific and construction sectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Textile Waste Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite: Comparison between Short Random Fiber and Textile Reinforcement

et al. 2021

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Currently, millions of tons of textile waste from the garment and textile industries are generated worldwide each year. As a promising option in terms of sustainability, textile waste fibers could be used as internal reinforcement of cement-based composites by enhancing ductility and decreasing crack propagation. To this end, two extensive experimental programs were carried out, involving the use of either fractions of short random fibers at 6–10% by weight or nonwoven fabrics in 3–7 laminate layers in the textile waste-reinforcement of cement, and the mechanical and durability properties of the resulting composites were characterized. Flexural resistance in pre- and post-crack, toughness, and stiffness of the resulting composites were assessed in addition to unrestrained drying shrinkage testing. The results obtained from those programs were analyzed and compared to identify the optimal composite and potential applications. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the feasibility of using this textile waste composite as a potential construction material in nonstructural concrete structures such as facade cladding, raised floors, and pavements was confirmed. The optimal composite was proven to be the one reinforced with six layers of nonwoven fabric, with a flexural strength of 15.5 MPa and a toughness of 9.7 kJ/m2.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Textile Waste Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite: Comparison between Short Random Fiber and Textile Reinforcement

et al. 2021

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“…This discrepancy between outflow and inflow indicates that closing the loop for construction materials based on the urban mine alone seems highly unrealistic before the year 2050. Especially given the fact that only a fraction of the secondary materials could actually be re-used (Nautiyal et al, 2015;Duan et al, 2015;Martínez-Rocamora et al, 2016).…”

Section: Materials Calculations (Inflow-outflow)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling global material stocks and flows for residential and service sector buildings towards 2050

Deetman

Marinova

Voet

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

133

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Residential buildings and service sector buildings have an important contribution to climate change, directly via energy use in these buildings and indirectly through construction activities and the production and disposal of buildings materials. In this paper, we introduce a model that looks at total global building stock for 26 regions between 1970 and 2050 and calculates the floor space and building materials both in new buildings and in demolished buildings. For residential buildings, we build upon the work of Marinova et al. (2019, this issue), who used a building material database to come up with scenarios for materials in the residential building stock. This paper adds two things. First, we introduce a new regression-based model for service building floor space, recognizing 4 different types of servicerelated buildings. Secondly, we use a dynamic stock model, based on lifetime distributions found in literature, to calculate the construction (inflow) and demolition (outflow) of building floor space for both residential and service-related purposes. We combine this with data from the building material database to come up with scenarios for the annual demand for construction materials worldwide as well as an estimation of the availability of waste materials after building demolition towards 2050. The model can thus be used to assess the potential for closing the material cycles in the construction sector, while distinguishing urban and rural areas explicitly. The results show that demand for construction materials will continue to increase in most regions, even in developed countries. Global demand for steel and cement for the building sector is estimated to be 769 Mt/yr and 11.9 Gt/yr respectively, by the end of the modelling period. This represents a respective growth of 31% and 14% compared to today. Drivers behind this are an expected growth of global residential building stock of about 50%, and a growth of about 150% in the building stock for services. Our model projects that by 2050, only 55% of construction-related demand for copper, wood and steel could potentially be covered by recycled building materials. For other materials the availability of scrap may be higher, reaching up to 71% of new demand in the case of aluminium. This means that in most regions urban mining cannot cover the growing demand for construction materials.

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“…Regarding environmental impact, other works have described energy-efficiency measures, as well as technologies that help to reduce the carbon footprint of Portland cement [ 21 , 22 ]. In this line, some reviews have presented recycled elements suitable to be incorporated to the ordinary cement matrix [ 23 , 24 ], and green alternative cements [ 25 ]. The existing literature on the subject of enhancement the mechanical performance of cement composites is usually presented in a fragmented way, referring specifically to certain reinforcements studied, such as fibers [ 26 ], nanomaterials [ 27 ], or pozzolanic materials [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Admixtures in Cement-Matrix Composites for Mechanical Reinforcement, Sustainability, and Smart Features

et al. 2016

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For more than a century, several inclusions have been mixed with Portland cement—nowadays the most-consumed construction material worldwide—to improve both the strength and durability required for construction. The present paper describes the different families of inclusions that can be combined with cement matrix and reviews the achievements reported to date regarding mechanical performance, as well as two other innovative functionalities of growing importance: reducing the high carbon footprint of Portland cement, and obtaining new smart features. Nanomaterials stand out in the production of such advanced features, allowing the construction of smart or multi-functional structures by means of thermal- and strain-sensing, and photocatalytic properties. The first self-cleaning concretes (photocatalytic) have reached the markets. In this sense, it is expected that smart concretes will be commercialized to address specialized needs in construction and architecture. Conversely, other inclusions that enhance strength or reduce the environmental impact remain in the research stage, in spite of the promising results reported in these issues. Despite the fact that such functionalities are especially profitable in the case of massive cement consumption, the shift from the deeply established Portland cement to green cements still has to overcome economic, institutional, and technical barriers.

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Recycling Potential of Building Materials: A Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

A Textile Waste Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite: Comparison between Short Random Fiber and Textile Reinforcement

A Textile Waste Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite: Comparison between Short Random Fiber and Textile Reinforcement

Modelling global material stocks and flows for residential and service sector buildings towards 2050

Admixtures in Cement-Matrix Composites for Mechanical Reinforcement, Sustainability, and Smart Features

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