Recycling of Nickel, Cobalt and Platinum-Group Metals

A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

“…36 The slurry of ores is then pumped into the next beneficiation stage either by means of froth flotation, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation, gravity concentration, or a combination of all. 37 For instance, Bayan Obo may apply gravity separation and froth floatation to increase the efficiency of separation between monazite and basnaesite from the iron-bearing and silicate gangue materials. 28 All of these methods are used to separate RE minerals from impurity elements such as copper, zinc, lead, nickel, and other non-ferrous metals.…”

“…Some authors had pointed out that alkaline treatment is mostly applied in monazite and bastnasite due to the phosphate and carbonate-fluoride component contained in them. 37 In China, acid-roasting with high temperature andsulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is used to remove fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF 4 ) were employed extensively. 37,47 Dangerous gasses including hydrofluoric acid (HF), acid sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) and hexafluorosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) will be adsorbed during the first and second scrubber before being released to the atmosphere.…”

“…37 In China, acid-roasting with high temperature andsulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is used to remove fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF 4 ) were employed extensively. 37,47 Dangerous gasses including hydrofluoric acid (HF), acid sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) and hexafluorosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) will be adsorbed during the first and second scrubber before being released to the atmosphere. 47 The scrubber is diluted with Na 2 CO 3 solution, which is used to treat the exhaust as it is being discharged.…”

“…22 However, if the particle size of ore is less than 100 µm, floatation method is deemed favorable. 37,46 Several authors had pointed out that gravity separation is suitable to be applied when the minerals have huge specific gravities, which range from 4 to 7 and significantly less dense such as silica. 24,42 Monazite minerals such as Bayan Obo beneficiated monazite and bastnasite are commonly employed in gravity separation process, which were installed between the rougher and cleaner flotation circuits to separate both mineral from the iron-bearing and silicate gangue materials.…”

Effective Dissolution of Platinum by Using Chloride Salts in Recovery Process

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The global demand for Pt in 2010 was 220 tons, of which approximately 170 tons was supplied from mines and 50 tons was supplied from recycled materials. [5] Since PGMs are generally associated with nickel-copper sulfide in magmatic rocks, PGMs are produced along with nickel and copper.…”