Recycling of metals from pretreated waste printed circuit boards effectively in stirred tank reactor by a moderately thermophilic culture

Xia, Mingchen; Wang, Yaping; Peng, Tangjian; Shen, Li; Yu, Runlan; Liu, Yuandong; Miao, Chang; Li, Jiaokun; Wu, Xueling; Zeng, Weimin

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.12.017

Cited by 65 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Zhang et al 18 included mechanical processing (comminution, sieving, and magnetic separation) as pretreatment of WPCB before triboelectric separation; the recovery of the nonmetallic products increased from 24.88% to 35.36%. Also, in the study of Xia et al 19 , the WPCB was first cut into pieces (<0.40 mm), comminuted in a vibratory mill (sizes between 74-1000 μm), homogenized, and then separated into two fractions using a shaking table, which were submitted to a subsequent hybrid treatment: the metal rich fraction was treated by pyrometallurgical methods, whereas the metal poor fraction was submitted to bio-leaching where 85.23% zinc, 76.59% copper, and 70.16% aluminum were recovered. Zhang et al 20 used grinding, magnetic separation, milling, and sieving to treat WPCB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enrichment of Copper, Lead, and Tin by Mechanical Dry Processing of Obsolete Printed Circuit Board Residues

2019

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Waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) residues were mechanically processed to concentrate their metal content aiming to reduce costs of the subsequent recovery of copper, tin, and lead. A fully dry route was proposed to avoid the generation of liquid effluents that would require additional treatment. Firstly, 10.7% of the residue was segregated by magnetic separation; the remaining nonmagnetic fraction was comminuted and sieved. Ceramic and polymer materials (1/3 of the total weight) concentrated in the finer and the coarser size fractions, while metallic materials (2/3 of the total weight) concentrated in the intermediate size fraction (90.7, 94.5, and 95.6% of the total copper, tin, and lead contained in the milled WPCB, respectively). The fractions between 0.3-1.20 mm were submitted to gravity separation using a zigzag air classifier; enrichment of copper (from 43±11% to 68±5%), tin (from 10±3% to 17±1%), and lead (from 4±1% to 6.4±0.5%) were obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enrichment of Copper, Lead, and Tin by Mechanical Dry Processing of Obsolete Printed Circuit Board Residues

2019

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“…Moreover, the supplements of pyrite and sulfur as an additional energy source showed multifold effects, including an enhanced growth rate of microorganisms, an increased leaching efficiency, a smaller time consumption, and a stable pH profile. 52 Xia et al 53 used L. ferriphilum and A. caldus (along with detected T. archaeon) in the leaching system. As the comparisons made on metal extraction efficiencies were obtained by the application of mesophiles, moderate thermophiles, and their mixed system, the moderate thermophiles alone exhibited the best bioleaching ability from the WPCBs.…”

Section: Using Moderate Thermophilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developments In Microbial Leaching Of Critical Metals From Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological recycling of critical metals from waste printed circuit boards

Srivastava

Ilyas

Kim

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Critical metals are key raw materials for new generation clean energy production. The extraction of critical metals often follows the difficult processing of primary ores and they are many times recovered as the companion metals. With the depletion of primary reserves, the focus has now shifted to processing the urban mines, like electronic (e-)waste. Among the different types of e-waste, the waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are the major reservoir of high-value critical metals and are usually treated by the traditional pyro-and/or hydro-metallurgical techniques. However, the application of microbial activities in metals recycling is rapidly emerging as a green technology in comparison to smelter or chemical processing. The application of microorganisms (bacteria/fungi) in WPCBs' recycling is being increasingly explored in order to meet the parallel objectives of resource recovery and pollution mitigation. Therefore, the present article assesses the current frontiers in bioleaching of critical metals from WPCBs and contains discussions on process fundamentals, challenges, and perspectives. The applicability of microbial recycling of WPCBs at a higher scale in terms of a circular economy and urban mining notion, the techno-economic analysis, and environmental sustainability in comparison to the chemical processing route are also discussed.

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“…Some of the advantages of biotechnologies compared to conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling processes are the safety conditions for operators, operations at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, lower chemical and energy consumption, lower CO 2 emissions, and low initial investments ( Baniasadi et al, 2019 ). Over the last decade, bioleaching of PCBs has been investigated at the research level in shake flasks ( Adhapure et al, 2013 ; Arshadi and Mousavi, 2015 ; Bryan et al, 2015 ; Guezennec et al, 2015 ) and stirred tank reactors (STR) with capacities above 1 L ( Ilyas and Lee, 2014 ; Guezennec et al, 2015 ; Mäkinen et al, 2015 ; Xia et al, 2017 ; Hubau et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of E-Waste: Influence of Printed Circuit Boards on the Activity of Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria

et al. 2021

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Bioleaching is a promising strategy to recover valuable metals from spent printed circuit boards (PCBs). The performance of the process is catalyzed by microorganisms, which the toxic effect of PCBs can inhibit. This study aimed to investigate the capacity of an acidophilic iron-oxidizing culture, mainly composed of Leptospirillum ferriphilum, to oxidize iron in PCB-enriched environments. The culture pre-adapted to 1% (w/v) PCB content successfully thrived in leachates with the equivalent of 6% of PCBs, containing 8.5 g L–1 Cu, 8 g L–1 Fe, 1 g L–1 Zn, 92 mg L–1 Ni, 12.6 mg L–1 Pb, and 4.4 mg L–1 Co, among other metals. However, the inhibiting effect of PCBs limited the microbial activity by delaying the onset of the exponential iron oxidation. Successive subcultures boosted the activity of the culture by reducing this delay by up to 2.6 times under batch conditions. Subcultures also favored the rapid establishment of high microbial activity in continuous mode.

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Recycling of metals from pretreated waste printed circuit boards effectively in stirred tank reactor by a moderately thermophilic culture

Cited by 65 publications

References 51 publications

Enrichment of Copper, Lead, and Tin by Mechanical Dry Processing of Obsolete Printed Circuit Board Residues

Enrichment of Copper, Lead, and Tin by Mechanical Dry Processing of Obsolete Printed Circuit Board Residues

Biotechnological recycling of critical metals from waste printed circuit boards

Bioleaching of E-Waste: Influence of Printed Circuit Boards on the Activity of Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria

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