Recycling of carbon fibers from unsaturated polyester composites via a hydrolysis-oxidation synergistic catalytic strategy

Wang, Baolong; Wang, Xinyu; Xu, Ningdi; Shen, Yibo; Lu, Fei; Liu, Yingying; Huang, Yudong; Hu, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108589

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement was applied to examine the chemical structure changes, and there is no significant change for the recycled CF (Figure b). The degree of structural disorder of the recycled fiber was determined by Raman spectra using the ratio of the curve areas of ID/IG. , The results show that the ID/IG ratio had no significant distinction compared with that of the fresh carbon fiber, suggesting that the graphitization structure was essentially unchanged after γ-ray radiation (Figure c). Most significantly, the recycled carbon fiber shows no loss of mechanical properties compared to the virgin carbon fiber (Figures d and S14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Degradation of a High-Performance Epoxy Thermoset Enabled by γ-ray-Sensitive Motifs Based on the Cascaded Synergetic Strategy

Wang

et al. 2022

Chem. Mater.

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γ-Radiation derived from clean energy has emerged as a promising technology for disposal of waste plastics. However, due to radical-mediated uncontrolled recombination, a foremost challenge remains in radiation-triggered complete degradation for thermoset plastics. Herein, the radiation-sensitive epoxy thermoset (EP-DESN) containing phenyl imine-conjugated N−N bonds (PINN bonds) and S−S bonds was designed to initiate rapid degradation at a dose of 10 kGy. The phenyl imine-conjugated linkages can stabilize the radiation-induced broken N−N bonds, overcoming radical-mediated uncontrolled recombination and cross-linking. Moreover, the phenyl-iminyl-conjugated radicals generated by PINN bond scission can cleave the active S−S bonds to promote subsequent spontaneous degradation for maximum degradation efficiency. Meanwhile, EP-DESN exhibited superior thermal robustness and chemical resistance comparable to some conventional high-performance epoxy thermosets. Using EP-DESN as a binder, we prepared recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced composites, and nondestructive recycling of value-added carbon fiber (CF) is achieved, thus facilitating the concept of a circular CF economy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Degradation of a High-Performance Epoxy Thermoset Enabled by γ-ray-Sensitive Motifs Based on the Cascaded Synergetic Strategy

Wang

et al. 2022

Chem. Mater.

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“…Wang’s group converted waste UPR into hydrogel materials through methylene chloride preswelling following K 2 CO 3 /ethylene glycol-assisted hydrolysis at 140 °C for 12 h. Although their subsequent exploration on the binary alkali catalyst system (diethylenetriamine/NaOH) and ethanol-alkali system further gentled the decomposition conditions, , the residual gelatinous structure limited its application such as reinforcement recovery in composite materials. In our previous work, a two-step progress of hydrazine hydrate/NaOH hydrolysis followed by Fenton oxidation was used to clear the remaining gel completely . So far, more moderate one-step degradation of UPRs remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, a two-step progress of hydrazine hydrate/NaOH hydrolysis followed by Fenton oxidation was used to clear the remaining gel completely. 27 So far, more moderate one-step degradation of UPRs remains challenging.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable and Recyclable Unsaturated Polyester Resin Based on the Selective Cleavage of a Hindered C–O Bond

Yao

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The extensive use of unsaturated polyester resins and their composites has resulted in an increasingly aggravating problem of waste materials which are difficult to remold or degrade endowed by their highly crosslinked network. A simple and facile recovery method to fully degrade resins remains challenging so far. Here, a hindered C–O bond with a carbonyl group in the β-position of steric ester was introduced into the design and preparation of a dimethacrylate monomer and its self-polymerized unsaturated polyester resin. The obtained resin with good thermal, mechanical, and solvent-resistance properties could be efficiently degraded within 3.5 h at 90 °C at an 80% concentration of aqueous hydrazine hydrate. Selective cleavage of the hindered bond due to steric and electronic effects was activated by the prior addition of the introduced carbonyl group. Degradation products rich in benzene and carboxyl/carboxylate groups respectively could be separated readily according to the water solubility, being expected to be reused as a flocculant and other functional additives. This work provides a promising strategy for the facile recycling of unsaturated polyester resins.

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“…The combination of thermal analysis and infrared or mass spectrometry analysis can more accurately analyze the reaction process and mechanism. Considerable progress has been made in modeling of kinetic [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], including multi- or single-step kinetic models that can be utilized in thermal–mechanical model [ 24 ], lightning strikes [ 25 ], fire behavior [ 11 ], curing process design, fiber recycling [ 26 , 27 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism Identification and Kinetics Analysis of Thermal Degradation for Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin

et al. 2021

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For carbon fiber epoxy resin used in aerostructure, thermal degradation mechanism and kinetics play an important role in the evaluation of thermal response and combustion characteristics. However, the thermal decomposition process and mechanism are difficult to unify strictly due to the complexity of the components from different suppliers. In the present study, a product of carbon fiber epoxy resin made by AVIC(Aviation Industry Corporation of China) composite corporation is examined to identify its thermal degradation mechanism and pyrolysis products by measurements, including simultaneous thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, establish the kinetic model by Kissinger/Friedman/Ozawa/Coats-Redfern methods. The results show thermal degradation occurs in three steps under the inert atmosphere, but in four steps under air atmosphere, respectively. The first two steps in both environments are almost the same, including drying, carbon dioxide escape and decomposition of the epoxy resin. In the third step of inert atmosphere, phenol is formed, methane decreases, carbon monoxide basically disappears and carbon dioxide production increases. However, in air, thermal oxidation of the carbonaceous residues and intermolecular carbonization are observed. Furthermore, thermal degradation reaction mechanism submits to the F4 model. These results provide fundamental and comprehensive support for the application of carbon fiber epoxy resin in aircraft industry.

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Recycling of carbon fibers from unsaturated polyester composites via a hydrolysis-oxidation synergistic catalytic strategy

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

Complete Degradation of a High-Performance Epoxy Thermoset Enabled by γ-ray-Sensitive Motifs Based on the Cascaded Synergetic Strategy

Complete Degradation of a High-Performance Epoxy Thermoset Enabled by γ-ray-Sensitive Motifs Based on the Cascaded Synergetic Strategy

Degradable and Recyclable Unsaturated Polyester Resin Based on the Selective Cleavage of a Hindered C–O Bond

Mechanism Identification and Kinetics Analysis of Thermal Degradation for Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin

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