Recycling of bottom ash and fly ash wastes in eco-friendly clay brick production

Sütçü, Mücahit; Erdoğmuş, Ertuğrul; Gençel, Osman; Gholampour, Aliakbar; Atan, Ebubekir; Ozbakkaloglu, Togay

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.017

Cited by 137 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to the X-ray pattern, the hematite (He) was found in the synthesized material. Also, from Figure 4 it can be noted that the XRD curve of FA/Fe 3 O 4 has an amorphous structure [ 41 ] due to the formation of broad bands, and a crystalline phase within a wide scanning interval of 10–70°. Besides these peaks originating from the ash, the peaks at 2 theta (degrees) equaling 18.35°, 30.35°, 35.8°, 43.06°, 57.12°, and 62.73° correspond to Fe 3 O 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly Ash Coated with Magnetic Materials: Improved Adsorbent for Cu (II) Removal from Wastewater

et al. 2020

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Fly ash/magnetite material was used for the adsorption of copper ions from synthetic wastewater. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Batch adsorption experiments were employed in order to investigate the effects of adsorbent dose, initial Cu (II) concentration and contact time over adsorption efficiency. The experimental isotherms were modeled using Langmuir (four types of its linearization), Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkins–Jura isotherm models. The fits of the results are estimated according to the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.39 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model was able to describe kinetic results. The data obtained throughout the study prove that this novel material represents a potential low-cost adsorbent for copper adsorption with improved adsorption capacity and magnetic separation capability compared with raw fly ash.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly Ash Coated with Magnetic Materials: Improved Adsorbent for Cu (II) Removal from Wastewater

et al. 2020

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“…The study considered the 302 cases available in the literature on the usage of fly [1,[3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], bottom ashes [2,6,24,30], and pond ashes [5,13,14,31] in clay bricks.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle size distributions of coal ashes were determined by wet [5,6,13,14,22,24,28,30], and dry sieving [8], while in some studies [1,3,9,11,12,25,29], the samples were sieved or ground and certain fractions were used for the brick production. In the present study, the maximum particle size of the ash (PS max ) used for brick production was considered as the input parameter.…”

Section: Input and Output Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An artificial neural network-based prediction model for utilization of coal ash in production of fired clay bricks: A review

et al. 2021

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This study analyzed the last 20 years` data available on power plant coal ashes used in clay brick production. The statistical analysis has been carried out for a total of 302 cases based on the relevant parameters reported in the literature. The chemical composition of the clays and coal ashes, percentage incorporation and maximum particle size of ash, size of fired samples, peak firing temperature, and the corresponding soaking time were selected as inputs for modeling. The product characteristics i.e. open porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength was taken as output parameters. An artificial neural network model has been developed and showed a satisfactory fit to experimental data and predicted the observed output variables with the overall coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.972 during the training period. Besides, the reduced chi-square, mean bias error, root mean square error, and mean percentage error were utilized to check the correctness of the obtained model, which proved the network generalization capability. The sensitivity analysis of the model suggested that the quantity of Na2O coming from brick clays, the percentages of SiO2 and K2O coming from ashes, and MgO coming from clays were the most influential parameters in descending order for the ash-clay composite bricks` quality, mostly owing to the influence of fluxes during firing.

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“…According to Prafulla et al [44], the activated alumina was used to substitute clay to for brick making, and, to a certain extent, the sustainable development model of the brick factory was improved. Taking advantage of fly ash and fly ash wastes, eco-friendly clay brick manufacturing was attempted by Mucahit et al [45].…”

Section: Emergy-based Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Assessment of Clay Brick Manufacturing in China Using Emergy Analysis

2020

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Clay brick is a commonly used building material in China. Due to the enormous land destruction and excessive consumption of resources, such as materials and energy in the manufacture of clay brick, it is important to study its overall sustainability, i.e., in terms of impact on the environment, services, and economy. In this study, emergy analysis is employed, which offers a holistic perspective, unlike typical environmental studies. A series of emergy indices such as renewability rate (R%), nonrenewability rate (N%), unit emergy values (UEVs), emergy yield ratio (EYR), environmental loading ratio (ELR), and emergy sustainability index (ESI) were used to study manufacturing of clay brick. In addition to calculating UEVs of clay brick manufacturing in China (7.18 × 1012 sej/kg), our detailed analysis shows that the nonrenewable resources and imported energy have a dominant impact on the emergy contribution (50.6%) and within the nonrenewable resources, clay is the foremost item, accounting for 33.5% of local emergy inputs. Given different electricity UEVs, the change ranges of clay brick system UEVs are 14.9% (scenario 1), 7.24% (scenario 2), 8.91% (scenario 3), and 6.94% (scenario 4). Furthermore, several policy suggestions are discussed for improving the sustainability of the evaluated system, involving the energy structure adjustment, recycling material replacement, and promotion of energy-saving systems.

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Recycling of bottom ash and fly ash wastes in eco-friendly clay brick production

Cited by 137 publications

References 28 publications

Fly Ash Coated with Magnetic Materials: Improved Adsorbent for Cu (II) Removal from Wastewater

Fly Ash Coated with Magnetic Materials: Improved Adsorbent for Cu (II) Removal from Wastewater

An artificial neural network-based prediction model for utilization of coal ash in production of fired clay bricks: A review

Ecological Assessment of Clay Brick Manufacturing in China Using Emergy Analysis

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