Recycling mine tailings in chemically bonded ceramics – A review

Kinnunen, Päivö; Ismailov, Arnold; Solismaa, Soili; Sreenivasan, Harisankar; Räisänen, Marja Liisa; Levänen, Erkki; Illikainen, Mirja

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.280

Cited by 156 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The amount of mine tailings has grown excessively with an ever increasing demand for metal and mineral resources [95]. Mining wastes are produced during mineral extraction by the mining industry and is at present one of the largest waste flows worldwide [25,95,96]. Mine tailings are finely ground in the time of mineral processing and separation of minerals of interest [96].…”

Section: Sio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mining wastes are produced during mineral extraction by the mining industry and is at present one of the largest waste flows worldwide [25,95,96]. Mine tailings are finely ground in the time of mineral processing and separation of minerals of interest [96]. A significant part of milling processes and separation procedure uses water as the transport medium.…”

Section: Sio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, tailings obtained by mining enterprises usually consist of small particle slurries with high water content, flow ability and poor mechanical stability [95]. Mine tailings are deposited in dammed ponds along with industrial wastewater or as thickened pastes in piles close to the extraction sites [96]. At present, their principal use is as backfill in mined-out underground areas or as deposits in tailing ponds.…”

Section: Sio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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End-of-Life Materials Used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Concrete Industry

et al. 2020

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A sustainable solution for the global construction industry can be partial substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) sourced from industrial end-of-life (EOL) products that contain calcareous, siliceous and aluminous materials. Candidate EOL materials include fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), natural pozzolanic materials like sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), rice husk ash (RHA), mine tailings, marble dust, construction and demolition debris (CDD). Studies have revealed these materials to be cementitious and/or pozzolanic in nature. Their use as SCMs would decrease the amount of cement used in the production of concrete, decreasing carbon emissions associated with cement production. In addition to cement substitution, EOL products as SCMs have also served as coarse and also fine aggregates in the production of eco-friendly concretes.

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Section: Sio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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End-of-Life Materials Used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Concrete Industry

et al. 2020

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“…This Proctor test was performed on the paste with 20% FA and 80% MT and on the mortar with 20% FA, 30% MT, and 50% GS. A dry unit weight of γ d = 1.974 g/cm 3 and a corresponding water content of ω = 13.0% were obtained for the paste, while values of γ d = 2.064 g/cm 3 and ω = 9.0% were obtained for the mortar. The compositions of the pastes and mortars tested are presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.…”

Section: Preparation Analytical Characterisation and Mechanical Tesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Wastes resulting from mining operations can result either from crushing or other, more complex processing methods. The former, normally referred to as plain "mining waste", has been used in the construction industry (e.g., concrete, embankments) as it does not raise any special environmental concerns; the latter, usually referred to as "mine tailings" (MT), produces more worrying materials due to its high levels of different kinds of contaminants which can be washed away when in contact with water [2][3][4]. Nevertheless, the of toxic elements present in the stabilised mortars, and the values obtained were compared with the thresholds imposed by European standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling and Application of Mine Tailings in Alkali-Activated Cements and Mortars—Strength Development and Environmental Assessment

et al. 2020

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Mine tailings (MT) could represent a step forward in terms of the quality of the aggregates usually used in civil engineering applications, mostly due to its high density. The Portuguese Neves Corvo copper mine, owned by the Lundin Mining Corporation, produces approximately 3 million tonnes per year. Nevertheless, it cannot be used in its original state, due to its high levels of sulphur and other metals (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn). This paper focuses on the stabilisation/solidification of high-sulphur MT, without any previous thermal treatment, using alkali-activated fly ash (FA). The variables considered were the MT/FA ratio and the activator type and concentration. A fine aggregate was then added to the pastes to assess the quality of the resulting mortar. Maximum compressive strengths of 14 MPa and 24 MPa were obtained for the pastes and mortars, respectively, after curing for 24 h at 85 • C. Thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the reaction products, and two types of leaching tests were performed to assess the environmental performance. The results showed that the strength increase is related with the formation of a N-A-S-H gel, although sodium sulphate carbonate was also developed, suggesting that the total sodium intake could be optimized without strength loss. The solubility of the analysed metals in the paste with 78% MT and 22% FA was below the threshold for non-hazardous waste. potential use of MT as a replacement for natural aggregates, which are usually obtained through an extraction process that severely affects the environment, would not only reduce the consumption of natural resources but also decrease the volume of landfilled MT. However, this waste generates acid mine drainage when exposed to oxygen and water [5], which makes it impractical as an aggregate in common applications, like embankments or roads, if not previously stabilised.Another possible use is inclusion in alkali-activated mortar and concrete, a recent research topic, with promising results in terms of mechanical and environmental performance [5,6]. Some studies focused on the use of MT as a precursor, albeit requiring a previous thermal treatment [7][8][9][10][11], while others used a different approach by considering the MT as a filler and/or coarse aggregate in composite materials, cemented by aluminosilicate gel formed from the alkali activation of fly ash, metakaolin, waste glass, or slags [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Although many of the above-mentioned studies were dealing with tailings resulting from tungsten and gold mines, several studies have also been produced targeting copper mine tailings [16,[19][20][21][22][23]. From an environmental perspective, it is important to highlight that alkaline activation has already proved to be very effective for containing and neutralising different types of wastes [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and, specifically, wastes resulting from m...

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Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Iron tailings (IT) is the remaining industrial solid waste after beneficiation. The accumulation of billion tons of tailings not only occupies valuable land resources but also causes serious environmental pollution and human harm. This work aims to explore the potential application of IT in flame retardant field. The modified iron tailings (MIT) were combined with aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) to prepare a series of TPU/AHP/MIT composites by melt blending method. Thermogravimetric (TGA) test indicated that MIT and AHP significantly improved the thermal stability of the composites. The char residue of TPU/AHP22.5/MIT2.5 was enhanced to 29.60 wt% compared with 27.51 wt% of TPU/AHP25. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) confirmed that PHRR and THR of TPU/AHP15/MIT10 were decreased by 88.4% and 55.2% compared with those of pure TPU. Adding 2.5 wt% MIT could reduce the gas production of the TPU/AHP system by 32.82%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy tests confirmed that AHP/MIT system could increase the thickness and graphitization degree of char residue for the TPU composites, and thus increase the thermal stability and fire resistance of the composites. Lastly, the possible fire retarding mechanism of TPU/AHP/MIT composites was illustrated. This work provided a novel strategy for utilization of IT.

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Recycling mine tailings in chemically bonded ceramics – A review

Cited by 156 publications

References 111 publications

End-of-Life Materials Used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Concrete Industry

End-of-Life Materials Used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Concrete Industry

Recycling and Application of Mine Tailings in Alkali-Activated Cements and Mortars—Strength Development and Environmental Assessment

Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

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