Recycling in situ of Legume‐Fixed and Soil Nitrogen in Tropical Lowland Rice

George, Thomas; Buresh, R. J.; Ladha, J. K.; Punzalan, Gloria C.

doi:10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000030018x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This large contribution from biological N 2 fixation may well be related to the basal application of P to the legume in the present case. The grain yield increases reported here are generally lower than those previously reported from comparable studies in Asia ( George et al, 1994, 1998; Pande and Becker , 2003; Becker et al, 2007) indicating that possibly factors other than N deficiency were limiting lowland rice production.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The wide C : N ratio will result in a temporary immobilization of soil N in the microbial biomass ( Bacon et al, 1986) that can be released upon the narrowing of the C : N ratio as a result of mineralization processes. Another option is the assimilation of mineral soil N in the biomass of growing vegetation in the pre‐rice niche ( George et al, 1998). Thus, weeds and/or short‐cycled green manures may act as “nitrate‐catching crops” during the transition season and release this saved N upon incorporation before planting the subsequent rice crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal nitrogen dynamics in lowland rice cropping systems in inland valleys of northern Ghana

Asante¹,

Becker

Angulo

et al. 2016

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Farmers in the inland valleys of northern Ghana are challenged with nitrogen (N) deficiency as a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). With extremely low use of external inputs, there is a need to efficiently use the systems' internal resources such as native soil N. Largest soil nitrate‐N losses are expected to occur during the transition between the dry and wet season (DWT) when the soil aeration status changes from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. Technical options avoiding the build‐up of nitrate are expected to reduce N losses and may thus enhance the yield of rice. A field study in the moist savanna zone of Ghana assessed the in situ mineralization of native soil N, the contribution of nitrate to the valley bottom by sub‐surface flow from adjacent slopes, and the effects of crop and land management options during DWT on seasonal soil Nmin dynamics and the yield of lowland rice. Large amounts of nitrate accumulated during DWT with a peak of 58 kg ha−1 in lowland soils, of which 32 kg ha−1 were contributed from the adjacent upland slope. Most of this nitrate disappeared at the onset of the wet season, possibly by leaching and denitrification upon soil flooding. While the incorporation of rice straw (temporary immobilization of soil N in the microbial biomass) had little effect on soil N conservation, growing a crop during DWT conserved 22–27 kg of soil N ha−1 in the biomass and Crotalaria juncea supplied an additional 43 kg N ha−1 from biological N2 fixation. Farmers' practice of bare fallow during DWT resulted in the lowest rice grain yield that increased from 1.3 (2.2) to 3.9 t ha−1 in case of the transition‐season legume. Growing a pre‐rice legume during DWT appears a promising option to manage N and increase lowland rice yields in the inland valleys of northern Ghana.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal nitrogen dynamics in lowland rice cropping systems in inland valleys of northern Ghana

Asante¹,

Becker

Angulo

et al. 2016

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…The N accumulated in the green manure and grain legume residues that are incorporated during land preparation can supply N to rice and reduce the need of fertilizer N Clement et al, 1998;George et al, 1998). Weeds growing during the fallow period between rice crops can also assimilate soil NO 3 − and recycle the N through the incorporation of biomass, thereby reducing N losses and effectively retaining N within the plant-soil system George et al, 1994).…”

Section: Nitrogen In Lowland Rice-upland Crop Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transformations in Submerged Soils

Buresh

Reddy

Kessel

2015

Agronomy Monographs

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Soils with continuous or intermitt ent submergence by water are widely distributed worldwide. They occur in a range of ecosystems including rice (Oryza sativa L.) fi elds, wetlands, estuaries, and fl oodplains. Such ecosystems oft en occur at low elevation in the landscape and are poorly drained with high retention of water. In addition, some upland areas with poor drainage can undergo periodic submergence and soil saturation. Moreover, the sediments in ocean, lake, and stream bottoms have similar biogeochemical and physical characteristics and N transformations as submerged agricultural soils.Rice fi elds surrounded by earthen levees to retain rain and irrigation water and ensure soil submergence are one of the world's major agricultural ecosystems. Rice is a staple food for nearly half the world's population, and about 95% of the global rice production occurs on fi elds with soil submerged during at least part of the rice-cropping period. The sustained productivity of this rice ecosystem, which ensures production of suffi cient food for a growing world population, relies heavily on the input and management of N.Nitrogen transformations in submerged soils are markedly diff erent from those in drained, aerated soils. These diff erences aff ect the prevalent soil microorganisms and microbial activities and the turnover, availabilility, and losses of N. To deal with the diff erences in N transformations between submerged and drained soils it is necessary to understand the biogeochemical conditions existing in submerged soils. This chapter is an update of an earlier review by Patrick (1982).

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“…Nitrogen immobilization in lowland soils after application of crop residues with a wide carbon to nitrogen (C:N) or lignin to nitrogen ratio (L:N) has been reported (Becker et al, 1994, Haynes, 1986. A temporary immobilization of soil N after application of Municipality Solid Waste Compost with a C: N ratio of 40:1 in an Alfisol (George et al, 1998) has been reported. In the present study, the peak of soil NO 3 -N reduced by 50-75% after incorporation of wheat straw at the rate of 2 Mg ha -1 .…”

Section: N-dynamics During Dry-to-wet Transition Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Management for Better Nutrition of Lowland Rice

Pandey¹

2006

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci.

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Some experiments were conducted in field conditions at Rampur, Nepal between 2001 and to assess the potential of wheat straw management with grain and green manure legumes in the lowland areas on soil N dynamics, crop yields and systems' N balances. Two levels of wheat straw incorporation (0 and 2 Mg ha -1 ) with four types of land management (bare fallow control, mucuna, mungbean and maize) treatments were randomly allotted in the 10 m 2 plots in the fields. When the land was left bare during the transition season, N min was initially building up of 50-80 kg of nitrate-N and subsequently lost by nitrate leaching and denitrification, resulting in low N uptake of rice. The application of wheat straw during DWT significantly reduced soil N min at the same rate as soil microbial biomass-N increased and resulted in <1 kg ha -1 of nitrate leaching and minimal nitrous oxide emissions from the soil. Growing cover crops during transition period reduced leaching losses by half and nitrous oxide emissions by two thirds of those in the bare fallow control, and BNF-N additions by legumes ranged from 27 to 56 kg ha -1 . Depending on the type of legume, this resulted in increased crop N uptake and grain yield. The lower N benefits were associated with the grain legume because about 50% of the N assimilation was removed by grain harvest, while the high benefits were obtained with green manures. When DWT is sufficiently long, the cultivation of legumes appears economically and ecologically beneficial and should be encouraged. Combinations of straw amendment and green manure use during DWT provide the largest benefits in terms of grain yield, and N balance with possible longe-term benefits for system's productivity.

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Recycling in situ of Legume‐Fixed and Soil Nitrogen in Tropical Lowland Rice

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonal nitrogen dynamics in lowland rice cropping systems in inland valleys of northern Ghana

Seasonal nitrogen dynamics in lowland rice cropping systems in inland valleys of northern Ghana

Nitrogen Transformations in Submerged Soils

Soil Management for Better Nutrition of Lowland Rice

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