Recurrent episodes of feline lower urinary tract disease with different causes: possible clinical implications

Lund, Heidi Sjetne; Eggertsdóttir, Anna V

doi:10.1177/1098612x18783839

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, in this study, male cats showed higher UTI cases than females. UTIs can also occur in healthy male cats that are catheterized, with the risk of infection increases with the duration of catheterization [ 13 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of lower urinary tract disease in the Yogyakarta cat population, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: This paper reports a retrospective study performed in 185 cats diagnosed with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). The analyzed population involved feline patients at the Veterinary Clinic of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical indications and causes of FLUTD in the Yogyakarta cat population. Materials and Methods: The medical data of all feline patients were obtained to conduct this study. FLUTD diagnoses were based on physical examinations, urinalyses, ultrasound examinations, and bacterial cultures. Only cats with a complete examination were used in the study. The clinical signs were evaluated and accompanied by the results of laboratory tests in cats that showed symptoms of FLUTD. The medical history of all feline patients was analyzed thoroughly. Most of the feline's urine samples were collected by catheterization. Results: The most commonly diagnosed of FLUTD in the Yogyakarta cat population were: feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (56%), urinary tract infection (UTI; 25%), urolithiasis (13%), urethral plugs (UP) (4.9%), and neoplasia (0.4%), respectively. The prevalence of UTI is higher than that reported in Europe or the US. Older cats more often show symptoms of UTI and neoplasia, whereas young cats more often show symptoms of FIC and UP. The prevalence of male cats experiencing FLUTD in Yogyakarta is much higher than female cats. Conclusion: The incidence rate of FLUTD cases in Yogyakarta is related to age and sex. The results of this study are similar to those of the previous research studies conducted in other countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of lower urinary tract disease in the Yogyakarta cat population, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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“…A recently published case series describes six cats with FLUTD with recurrent episodes due to different causes. 38 These cats were prospectively included in a bigger study on FLUTD and very thoroughly evaluated during every episode. Therefore, the likelihood that uroliths were missed was lower in that study and the authors discussed potential inter-related disease mechanisms between the different aetiologies.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence rate and long-term course of cats with feline lower urinary tract disease

Kaul¹,

Hartmann²,

Reese³

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) causes clinical signs such as stranguria, pollakiuria, haematuria, vocalisation and periuria, and is often associated with recurring episodes. The primary objective of this study was to survey the long-term course of cats presenting with FLUTD in terms of recurrence rate and mortality. Methods Data from cats that were presented with lower urinary tract signs from 2010 to 2013 were collected by telephone interview with cat owners, using a questionnaire. The observation period ranged from the first presentation due to FLUTD to the telephone interview or the cat’s death. Data on diagnoses, recurrence of clinical signs and disease-free intervals, as well as implementation and impact of prophylactic measures (PMs), were collected and compared between groups with different aetiologies. Results The study included 101 cats. Fifty-two cats were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis, 21 with urolithiasis and 13 with bacterial urinary tract infection; 15 had no definitive diagnosis. Of the 86 cats with a known diagnosis, the recurrence rate was 58.1%, with no significant difference between groups. Twenty-one cats had one relapse, 12 had two relapses, 10 had three and seven had four to eight relapses within a median observation period of 38 months (range 0.5–138 months). Fourteen cats suffered from different causes of FLUTD at different episodes. Mortality due to FLUTD among all 101 cats was 5.0%. The recurrence rate in cats with urolithiasis receiving at least two PMs was significantly lower than the recurrence rate in those without PMs ( P = 0.029). Conclusions and relevance More than half of the cats with FLUTD presented with two or more recurrent episodes irrespective of the identified aetiology. Cats should be thoroughly investigated at each presentation as it cannot be presumed that the cause of FLUTD is the same at different episodes. The mortality due to FLUTD is lower than previously reported.

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“…The affection was more observed in males compared to females. Some researchers showed that males cats would be more susceptible to present lithiasis than females [23,26]. The narrow and long urethra of male cats makes them more likely than female cats to develop obstruction [19,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors report that the proportion of urolithiasis is higher in cats consuming only dry food [27,30]. Food is a leading factor in the onset of urinary stones in the cat: Diet content influences urinary pH, which may increase the risk of lithiasis formation [1,4,26]. According to Bartges et a l. [31], food was essential in the prevention of urinary lithiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower urinary tract lithiasis of cats in Algeria: Clinical and epidemiologic features

et al. 2020

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Aim: This study aims to describe the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of urolithiasis of the lower urinary tract and to determine the main risk factors involved in the occurrence of urinary lithiasis in cats in Algeria from 2016 to 2018. Materials and Methods: During the study period, 465 cats were examined and 32 cases of urolithiases were selected and investigated by conducting physical examinations, blood analyses, urinalysis, X-ray radiography, and ultrasonography. Parameters such as breed, age, or sex were studied and reported in a farm return to analyze risk factors involved in the formation of lower urinary urolithiasis. Results: The most clinically relevant symptoms of urolithiasis observed in cats were dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, and stranguria. Urinalysis and blood analysis revealed a significant presence of urinary crystals and acute kidney failure in nine cats. The ultrasonography and radiography confirmed the diagnosis of urolithiasis with the incidence of 43.75% and 31.25%, respectively. The lower urinary tract urolithiasis appeared to be more frequent in European and Siamese cats. In addition, cats aged between 4 and 8 years old were the most affected. Male cats (87.50%) were more affected than female cats. Finally, the lower urinary tract urolithiasis was more frequent in cats consuming the commercial pet food, previously castrated, and confined inside the house. Conclusion: Complete clinical assessments, in addition to complementary examinations, are necessary and beneficial in treating the animal and preventing possible complications. Whether the choice of therapy is surgical or treatment with drugs, it is crucial to understand that the elimination of the stone is not an end, but the beginning of a series of investigations. Because of their impact on both the formation and elimination of metabolites, it has been found that factors, such as race, gender, age, diet, and lifestyle, should be considered as potential risk factors for urolithiasis.

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Recurrent episodes of feline lower urinary tract disease with different causes: possible clinical implications

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of lower urinary tract disease in the Yogyakarta cat population, Indonesia

Evaluation of lower urinary tract disease in the Yogyakarta cat population, Indonesia

Recurrence rate and long-term course of cats with feline lower urinary tract disease

Lower urinary tract lithiasis of cats in Algeria: Clinical and epidemiologic features

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