Recurrence rate and risk factors for urinary calculi after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Abstract

The frequent late recurrences support the speculation that ESWL might lead to greater recurrence rates. Therefore, the cost-effectiveness of ESWL versus other modalities for stone removal warrants more long-term evaluation.

Prognostic Factors Effecting on Recurrence of Urinary Stone Disease: A Multivariate Analysis of Everyday Patient Parameters

“…These results were found to be similar with many studies previously done, but not with the others [4,5,15]. For current study and generally, it is reasonable that stone burden might influence probability of remaining residual fragments, or might be a reflection of etiologic factors such as urinary tract infection or metabolic abnormalities causing higher recurrence rate.…”

“…On the contrary hyperuricemia has not been found to be the most important condition as well [4]. Indeed, in our study, increased serum uric acid level was not significantly associated with increased risk of stone recurrence, though the higher recurrence rate was observed in the cases with uric acid levels greater than 0.3 mmol/l compared to the cases with lower levels.…”

“…In our study, although the recurrent stone formers were more younger, this difference between the ages of the first-time and recurrent stone formers was not statistically significant. Some investigators claimed that stone recurrence might be more frequent in males than in females due to predominant activating factors in males versus inhibiting factors in females for stone formation [4,11]. Iguchi et al [12], in their experimental study, discovered that female sex hormones could inhibit renal crystal deposition in rats.…”

“…So, it has been investigated on many risk factors to define recurrence potential of the patient with urinary stone up to now, but it has not been exactly obtained any consensus on prognostic factors influencing stone recurrence risk [1]. For instance; whether a number of factors such as gender or stone burden affect on stone prognosis has not been unequivocally revealed [3,4,5]. In other words further studies exposing stone prognosis have been still needed.…”

Pyridoxamine lowers kidney crystals in experimental hyperoxaluria: A potential therapy for primary hyperoxaluria

“…This multifactorial disease affects about 2% to 3% of general population in the industrialized countries and is often accompanied by hyperoxaluria [7]. Although, the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has significantly simplified kidney stone removal, the recurrence rates remain high, reaching 50% to 70% in 10 years [8,9].…”