Rectal Infection WithNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisin Men in the United States

Abstract

Background. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend at least annual rectal screening of men who have receptive anal intercourse for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Only limited national data are available on the prevalence of rectal GC and CT infection among US men.Methods. In collaboration with a large US commercial laboratory, we estimated positivity of the first rectal GC and CT test ("index" test) in men aged 15-60 years tested between January 2013 and May 2015. We estimated the frequency and positivity of pharyngeal or urine specimens tested for GC and CT on the index date, and the frequency and positivity of repeat rectal testing or any follow-up testing at any anatomic site after the index date.Results. Of 52 063 tested men aged 15-60 years, approximately 6.1% were positive for GC only, 8.3% for CT only, and 2.7% for both GC and CT on their index date. On that date, 86.5% had either urine or pharyngeal specimens collected, and 56.1% had both specimens collected. Pharyngeal GC infection was highly associated with rectal GC infection. Follow-up testing after 12 months ranged from 42.4% among uninfected men to 56.7% among infected men on the index date. Positivity was at least 5.7% in rectal GC, rectal CT, or pharyngeal GC at their last test.Conclusions. This analysis of a large number of male rectal specimens tested for GC and CT suggest that routine testing and timely repeat rectal GC and CT testing should be prioritized among men who report receptive rectal sex.

A Single Dual-Function Enzyme Controls the Production of Inflammatory NOD Agonist Peptidoglycan Fragments by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

“…Since the HEK-Blue system relies on overexpression of specific receptors, we also employed a similar secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter cell line (HCT116-Dual) that has only physiological levels of NOD1 and NOD2 (and does not express TLR2 and TLR4) ( 36 ). HCT116 cells are also colorectal epithelial cells, chosen for their physiological relevance to a common site of GC infection ( 37 ). Interestingly, these cells do not respond to addition of GC-conditioned media, as HEK-Blue cells do, but do respond to infection with GC (data not shown).…”

Rectal Microbiota Associated With Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in Men Having Sex With Other Men

“…Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the etiological agents of the most common sexually transmitted rectal infections (STIs) in men having sex with other men (MSM) (Danby et al, 2016; Tao et al, 2016).…”

Syphilis Testing among Men Who Have Had Rectal Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Tests, United States

“…The annual repeat syphilis testing rate of 64.8% in MSM, plus suboptimal follow-up of rectal gonorrhea or chlamydia detailed in a previous study [13], suggests healthcare providers should prioritize adherence with CDC recommendations and test MSM routinely for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Of MSM who had syphilis testing during 09/01/2013-09/30/2014, MSM were more likely to have annual repeat syphilis testing if they were served by infectious disease (66%) or public health providers (69%) than multiple group practice providers (50%) at the index date.…”