Rectal Distension Modulates Canine Gastric Tone and Accommodation

Lei, Yong; Zhu, Hongbing; Xing, Jinhong; Chen, J. D. Z.

doi:10.1007/s10620-005-3020-z

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…One previous study showed that RD induced upper gastrointestinal symptoms and inhibited gastric tone and accommodation in dogs (24). This RD-induced proximal stomach inhibition is indicative of the existence of a "rectogastric" reflex, and the activation of this reflex causes inhibitory effects on gastric motility (5).…”

Section: Ea Improves Antral Motility Impaired By Rdmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The balloon was inflated with different volumes of air via a 60-ml syringe. The distension volume of 120 ml was the largest volume the dogs could tolerate without adverse behaviors suggestive of pain and discomfort as noted in previous studies (24,34). The intraballoon pressure, reflecting rectal tone, was measured by connecting the balloon to a manometric system (PC polygraf HR system, Synectics Medical, Stockholm, Sweden).…”

Section: Rectal Distension and Measurement Of Rectal Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of investigations have indicated that RD induces upper gastrointestinal symptoms, inhibits gastric tone and accommodation, and delays gastric emptying in humans and animals (3,14,20,21,24,34,35). Similar studies were also performed on the RD-induced inhibition in small intestinal motor activity in humans and animals (22,35).…”

Section: Effects and Mechanisms Of Rd On Gastrointestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Chen¹,

Song²,

Yin³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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112

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puncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G614 -G620, 2008. First published July 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90322.2008 is known to induce upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of RD on gastric slow waves (GSW) and motor activity and furthermore to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on GSW and motor activity. Eight female hound dogs chronically implanted with gastric serosal electrodes and a gastric fistula were studied in six separate sessions. Antral motility, GSW, heart rate variability, and rectal pressure were evaluated for the above purposes. 1) RD at a volume of 120 ml suppressed antral motility significantly. Guanethidine blocked the inhibitory effect of RD. EA at ST36 was able to restore the suppressed antral contractions induced by RD (16.6 Ϯ 1.7 vs. 8.0 Ϯ 1.4, P Ͻ 0.001). Naloxone partially blocked the effect of EA on antral contractions. 2) RD reduced the percentage of normal GSW from 98.8 Ϯ 0.8% at baseline to 76.1 Ϯ 8.6% (P Ͻ 0.05) that was increased to 91.8 Ϯ 3.0% with EA. The effects of EA on the GSW were nullified by the presence of naloxone. 3) EA did not show any significant effect on rectal pressure, suggesting that the ameliorating effects of EA on RD-induced impaired gastric motility were not due to a decrease in rectal pressure. 4) EA increased the vagal activity suppressed by RD. In conclusion, RD inhibits postprandial gastric motility and impairs GSW in dogs, and the inhibitory effects are mediated via the adrenergic pathways. EA at ST36 is able to restore the RD-induced impaired GSW and motor activities, possibly by enhancing vagal activity, and is partially mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have therapeutic potential for functional gastrointestinal disorders. adrenergic pathway; gastric slow waves; naloxone CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipationdominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are commonly observed in clinical practice. These patients frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. The symptoms overlap with lower abdominal symptoms and are resistant to dietary and pharmacological treatments because of the constipation issues; they are related to the presence of impaired gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity and reduced upper gastrointestinal motor activity (1,4,13,31,33,37). This phenomenon has led to the hypothesis that rectal distension (RD) with fecal stasis in the colorectal region directly causes reflexive inhibition of proximal gastrointestinal motility (5,7,9,22,32,50).A number of investigations have indicated that RD induces upper gastrointestinal symptoms, inhibits gastric tone and accommodation, and delays gastric emptying (3, 14, 20 -21, 24, 34 -35, 50). However, little information about the effects of RD on gastric contractions is available, although gastric co...

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Section: Ea Improves Antral Motility Impaired By Rdmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Rectal Distension and Measurement Of Rectal Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects and Mechanisms Of Rd On Gastrointestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Chen¹,

Song²,

Yin³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

Self Cite

112

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show abstract

“…A number of previous studies reported that duodenal nutrients or distension reduced proximal gastric tone, delayed gastric emptying, and increased pyloric contractions (17,32). Colon-rectal distension has been reported to induce delayed gastric emptying (20,31), abnormalities of gastric slow waves (1,21), and inhibition of proximal gastric tone (12). In the present study, a similar retrogastric inhibitory effect was also noted with electrical stimulation of the duodenum but not the colon; gastric slow wave dysrhythmia was induced during electrical stimulation of the duodenum at high frequencies.…”

Section: Effects Of Electrical Stimulation On Slow Waves and Optimal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on slow waves: a systematic canine study

Sun¹,

Guan²,

Yin

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Sun Y, Song GQ, Yin J, Lei Y, Chen JDZ. Effects and mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on slow waves: a systematic canine study. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R1392-R1399, 2009. First published August 26, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00006.2009.-The aims of this study were to determine optimal pacing parameters of electrical stimulation on different gut segments and to investigate effects and possible mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on gut slow waves. Twelve female hound-mix dogs were used in this study. A total of six pairs of electrodes were implanted on the stomach, duodenum, and ascending colon. Bilateral truncal vagotomy was performed in six of the dogs. One experiment was designed to study the effects of the pacing frequency on the entrainment of gut slow waves. Another experiment was designed to study the modulatory effects of the vagal and sympathetic pathways on gastrointestinal pacing. The frequency of slow waves was 4.88 Ϯ 0.23 cpm (range, 4 -6 cpm) in the stomach and 19.68 Ϯ 0.31 cpm (range, 18 -22 cpm) in the duodenum. There were no consistent or dominant frequencies of the slow waves in the colon. The optimal parameters to entrain slow waves were: frequency of 1.1 intrinsic frequency (IF; 10% higher than IF) and pulse width of 150 -450 ms (mean, 320.0 Ϯ 85.4 ms) for the stomach, and 1.1 IF and 10 -20 ms for the small intestine. Electrical stimulation was not able to alter colon slow waves. The maximum entrainable frequency was 1.27 IF in the stomach and 1.21 IF in the duodenum. Gastrointestinal pacing was not blocked by vagotomy nor the application of an ␣-or ␤-adrenergic receptor antagonist; whereas the induction of gastric dysrhythmia with electrical stimulation was completely blocked by the application of the ␣-or ␤-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Gastrointestinal pacing is achievable in the stomach and small intestine but not the colon, and the maximal entrainable frequency of the gastric and small intestinal slow waves is about 20% higher than the IF. The entrainment of slow waves with gastrointestinal pacing is not modulated by the vagal or sympathetic pathways, suggesting a purely peripheral or muscle effect.

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“…Rectal (balloon) distension (RD) mimicking fecal or gas stasis in the colorectal region is one of constipation models commonly used in the study of upper gastrointestinal motor activity. A number of studies have reported that RD impairs gastric myoelectrical activities, gastric tone, and gastric accommodation; reduces antral contractions; delays gastric emptying, and inhibits small-intestine motility in dogs and humans (1,2,7,11,21,39,54).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Yin

Chen

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Yin J, Chen JD. Electroacupuncture improves rectal distensioninduced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R465-R472, 2011. First published May 18, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2010.-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on rectal distension (RD)-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric emptying of solids was assessed in 12 dogs chronically implanted with a duodenal cannula by collecting samples at different time points from the cannula and measuring the dried weights of the samples. Bethanechol and atropine were used to qualitatively validate the method. In separate experiments, gastric emptying of solids was measured in a number of sessions: control, RD, RD ϩ sham-EA, RD ϩ EA of 6 mA, RD ϩ EA of 3 mA, and RD ϩ EA ϩ naloxone. The method of gastric emptying by collecting and drying gastric chyme from the duodenal cannula was found to be accurate and reliable. Using the method, we found gastric emptying to be accelerated with bethanechol (70.01 Ϯ 8.10% vs. 82.61 Ϯ 4.15%, P ϭ 0.04, vs. control) and delayed with atropine (4.31 Ϯ 1.57%, P Ͻ 0.001, vs. control). RD substantially and significantly delayed gastric emptying. EA, but not sham-EA, attenuated delayed gastric emptying induced by RD (sham-EA: 48.79 Ϯ 9.47% vs. EA: 74.28 Ϯ 5.96%, P Ͻ 0.01). The effect was more potent with EA of 6 mA than EA of 3 mA and blocked by naloxone. EA is able to attenuate RD-induced delay in gastric emptying of solids, and this ameliorating effect may be mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have a therapeutic potential for treating delayed gastric emptying attributed to lower gut distension. gastrointestinal motility; acupuncture; gastroparesis; constipation PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms, such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. These symptoms are related to the presence of reduced motor activities attributed to impaired gastric antral contractions and myoelectrical activity, and delayed gastric emptying, as well as slow small bowel transit (1,3,14,38). The abnormality of upper gastrointestinal motility may be related to fecal stasis in the rectum or colon, causing reflexive inhibition (5,11,20,54). Rectal (balloon) distension (RD) mimicking fecal or gas stasis in the colorectal region is one of constipation models commonly used in the study of upper gastrointestinal motor activity. A number of studies have reported that RD impairs gastric myoelectrical activities, gastric tone, and gastric accommodation; reduces antral contractions; delays gastric emptying, and inhibits small-intestine motility in dogs and humans (1,2,7,11,21,39,54).Clinically, there are overlapping symptoms between functional dyspepsia and IBS-C (12, 44). Currently, there is a lack of effective medications for treating both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Acupuncture i...

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Rectal Distension Modulates Canine Gastric Tone and Accommodation

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Effects and mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on slow waves: a systematic canine study

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

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