Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Yin, Jieyun; Chen, Jiande D.Z.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2010

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…However, a positive chronic and sustained effect is speculated. Although not investigated in the present study, EA has been shown to have sustained effects in other studies; for example, the liquid/solid gastric emptying was continuously accelerated after the termination of EA (40,49). Different from most of the other methods of electrical stimulation, such as cardiac stimulation and spinal cord stimulation with which stimulation has to be performed continuously, EA is typically performed once a day or a few times a day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Yin

Kuang

Chandalia

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The aim of this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Both wild-type (WT) and adipose ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) transgenic (TG) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk; for each mouse, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed with or without EA at abdomen or auricular areas. A high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in both WT and TG mice. In the WT mice, EA at 3 Hz and 15 Hz, but not at 1 Hz or 100 Hz, via CV4ϩCV12 significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels; EA at 3 Hz was most potent. The glucose level was reduced by 61.7% at 60 min and 74.5% at 120 min with EA at 3 Hz (all P Ͻ 0.001 vs. control). Similar hypoglycemic effect was noted in the TG mice. On the contrary, EA at auricular points increased postprandial glucose level (P Ͻ 0.03). 4). EA at 3 Hz via CV4ϩCV12 significantly enhanced the decrease of blood glucose after insulin injection, suggesting improvement of insulin sensitivity. Plasma free fatty acid was significantly suppressed by 42.5% at 15 min and 50.8% at 30 min with EA (P Ͻ 0.01) in both WT and TG mice. EA improves glucose tolerance in both WT and TG mice fed a high-fat diet, and the effect is associated with stimulation parameters and acupoints and is probably attributed to the reduction of free fatty acid. electroacupuncture; insulin resistance; glucose; vagal activity; free fatty acid DIABETES AFFECTS ABOUT 8.3% of Americans with an estimated total cost of over $174 billion (3). In addition, about 79 million American adults have prediabetes (3) and about 34% of American adults have metabolic syndrome (14). Insulin resistance is one of the major contributing factors for diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is virtually always associated with insulin resistance (16). Insulin resistance increases with weight gain and decreases with weight loss (44), indicating that fat accumulation is not only associated with but, in fact, causes insulin resistance (5). In addition, insulin resistance is known to be attributed to elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) (6). Elevated plasma FFA and intracellular lipid inhibit insulin signaling, leading to a reduction in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport (13,27). The resulting suppression of muscle glucose transport leads to reduced muscle glycogen synthesis and glycosis.Obese patients with insulin resistance have been reported to have increased adipose tissue ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) (17). ENPP1 modulates insulin action by physical interaction with the ␣-subunit of the insulin receptor and inhibition of ␤-subunit activation (20,24,36). In the transgenic model, previous studies elucidated that ENPP1 overexpression in insulin-sensitive tissues (liver, muscle, and brain) plays a role in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, suggesting an important animal model to investigate insulin resistance. Recently, one stud...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Yin

Kuang

Chandalia

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…In the two sessions with RD, RD was performed 60 -90 min after the meal. From preliminary studies, we observed that gastric emptying of solid was the fastest 60 -90 min after the meal and therefore RD was performed during that period (40). RD was achieved by the inflation of a latex balloon inserted into the rectum with 120 ml of air (6).…”

Section: Experimental Protocols Experiments 1: Assessment Of Complete mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entire precipitate of each collection was then taken out, placed in a paper plate, and dried in air for a few days until there were no changes in weight. The percentage of gastric emptying for each collection was calculated by using the following formula: % gastric emptying for each collection ϭ Wn/Wtϫ100%, where Wn was the dried weight of the collection and Wt was the total dried weight of all samples collected in the same dog in experiment 1 (40). This normalized percentage of gastric emptying compensated for any possible loss of ingested food, such as bypass of gastric chyme to the distal small intestine and any absorption that might have occurred before the collection from the duodenal cannula.…”

Section: Measurements and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokinetic effects of mirtazapine on gastrointestinal transit

Yin

Song

Lei

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mirtazapine on gastrointestinal motility in dogs, including solid gastric emptying, antral and small intestinal contractions, and small intestinal and colonic transit. Six dogs were implanted with two cannulas located at the duodenum and the ascending colon; another six dogs were implanted with gastric cannula 6 cm proximal to the pylorus. Mirtazapine 45 mg was administered orally 90 min before the study. We found that 1) Mirtazapine accelerated gastric emptying during the entire 3 h in normal dogs (P Ͻ 0.04) and accelerated delayed gastric emptying induced by rectal distention (P Ͻ 0.04). 2) Mirtazapine restored impaired gastric tone and accommodation induced by rectal distention (P Ͻ 0.05). 3) No significant changes were noted in small intestinal contractions or transit with mirtazapine (P Ͼ 0

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“…7 EA at both PC6 and ST36 or ST36 alone also accelerated gastric emptying in dogs with delayed gastric emptying induced by duodenal distention 8 or rectal distention. 23 A typical example showing the effect and mechanism of EA on rectal distention-induced delay in gastric emptying is presented in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Electroacupuncture and Gastric Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%