Recrystallization and solubility of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in dimethyl sulfoxide

Foltz, M. Frances; Ornellas, D.L.; Pagoria, Philip F.; Mitchell, Alexander R.

doi:10.1007/bf00372205

Cited by 33 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recrystallization solvents were used as received. TATB recrystallized from DMSO has been described previously [29,30]. Recrystallization of TATB from the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate (EMImOAc) in DMSO:20/80 by weight [31] and from sulfolane [3] are described elsewhere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Distributions in TATB Prepared by Various Methods

Hoffman

Fontes

2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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ABSTRACT:The density distribution of two legacy types of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) particles were compared with TATB synthesized by new routes and recrystallized in several different solvents using a density gradient technique. Legacy wet (WA) and dry aminated (DA) TATB crystalline aggregates gave average densities of 1.9157 and 1.9163 g/cc, respectively. Since the theoretical maximum density (TMD) for a perfect crystal is 1.937 g/cc, legacy TATB crystals averaged 99% of TMD or about 1% voids. TATB synthesized from phloroglucinol (P) had comparable particle size to legacy TATBs, but significantly lower density, 1.8340 g/cc. TATB synthesized from 3,5 dibromoanisole (BA) was very difficult to measure because it contained extremely fine particles, but had an average density of 1.8043 g/cc over a very broad range. Density distributions of TATB recrystallized from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane, and an 80/20 mixture of DMSO with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate (EMImOAc), with some exceptions, gave average densities comparable or better than the legacy TATBs.INTRODUCTION:

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Distributions in TATB Prepared by Various Methods

Hoffman

Fontes

2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…During their study on recrystallization, Foltz et al [43,44] measured the solubility of TATB in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The measurements were carried out gravimetrically.…”

Section: Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and TATB-based formulations—A review

Boddu

Viswanath

Ghosh

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

163

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“…The solubility of TATB requires that DMSO be used as the solvent. The only known solvents with "good" solubility at room temperature are superacids such as chlorosulfonic and highly concentrated sulfuric acid [29]. The selection of a nonsolvent can be modified.…”

Section: Polymorph Control Of Cl-20/tatbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a CL‐20/TATB Energetic Co‐crystal

Chapman

Groven

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Exploration of novel energetic‐energetic co‐crystals has greatly increased in recent years as the need for energetic materials with improved detonation performance and reduced sensitivity continues to grow. In 2015 a CL‐20/TATB co‐crystal was reported and touted sensitivity and detonation properties that would make it a potential replacement for the industry standard HMX. The confirmation, reproducibility, and characterization of energetic materials are still a widely debated topic especially when the material of interest has exceptional properties. In this work, CL‐20/TATB co‐crystals are attempted via solvent‐nonsolvent (S/NS) cocrystallization to assess the formation of a true co‐crystal. The prepared crystals were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x‐ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This work reproduced S/NS cocrystallization similar to that reported in 2015, provides a solubility and thermodynamic explanation behind CL‐20/TATB cocrystallization, and assesses the future viability of CL‐20/TATB crystals.

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Recrystallization and solubility of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in dimethyl sulfoxide

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Density Distributions in TATB Prepared by Various Methods

Density Distributions in TATB Prepared by Various Methods

2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and TATB-based formulations—A review

Evaluation of a CL‐20/TATB Energetic Co‐crystal

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