Recrudescent
            <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>
            Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult following Experimental Infection with a Well-Characterized Organism

Baqar, Shahida; Tribble, David R.; Carmolli, Marya P.; Sadigh, Katrin; Poly, Frédéric; Porter, Chad K.; Larsson, Catherine J.; Pierce, Kristen K.; Guerry, Patricia; Darsley, Michael J.; Kirkpatrick, Beth D.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00252-09

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Moreover, asymptomatic infection by C. jejuni is common among children in the developing world, and acute infections are frequently followed by periods of asymptomatic shed- ding (51)(52)(53), which may be due, at least in part, to the ability of this pathogen to avoid the host immune response. Similarly, recrudescence of infection following appropriate antibiotic treatment in an immunocompetent adult has been reported (54).…”

Section: Fig 4 Il-17 Expression Is Reduced In Small Intestinal Cd4mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulates the Host Immune Response

et al. 2013

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Section: Fig 4 Il-17 Expression Is Reduced In Small Intestinal Cd4mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulates the Host Immune Response

et al. 2013

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“…Of note, recurrence has also been described in an immunocompetent patient who had received antibiotic treatment. In this case, the absence of protective Campylobacter-specific systemic, mucosal, and cellular immune responses was well characterized (10).…”

Section: Ampylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Among Othermentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential Use of Fosfomycin-Tromethamine for Treatment of Recurrent Campylobacter Species Enteritis

Aguilar-Company

Los‐Arcos

Pigrau

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We report 2 cases of recurrent Campylobacter coli enteritis caused by macrolide-and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in 2 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, successfully treated with a prolonged course of fosfomycin-tromethamine with no side effects. Fosfomycin-tromethamine may be a feasible alternative therapy for recurrent enteritis caused by Campylobacter species resistant to first-line drugs. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, among other Campylobacter species, are frequent causes of foodborne enteric infection. Macrolides are the drug of choice for treatment, reducing the duration of the illness and bacterial shedding, and fluoroquinolones are the most commonly used alternative therapy (1). Since the 1990s, a significant increase in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter spp. has been reported in Asian and European countries (1, 2). Increased macrolide resistance has also been described, particularly in developing countries (3). It has also been noted that C. coli isolates are more frequently resistant to antibiotics than C. jejuni isolates (3, 4). Most cases of Campylobacter species enteritis are mild and selflimited; nevertheless, some episodes follow a relapsing course with repeated treatment failures, particularly in patients with predisposing conditions like impaired humoral immunity (5).Fosfomycin-tromethamine (FT) is an antimicrobial agent active against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is generally safe and well tolerated and is currently approved for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary infection. A previous study demonstrated that most fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni strains are susceptible to fosfomycin (6). However, reports on its use in acute Campylobacter species enteritis are scarce, outdated, and limited (7,8).We report 2 cases of relapsing C. coli enteritis successfully treated with oral FT. Case 1. A 64-year-old woman was admitted for persistent diarrhea. She had been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency many years before and had a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections, bronchiectasis, and chronic diarrhea with numerous exacerbations and repeated isolation of C. jejuni in stool cultures. The patient's gastroenterologist had undertaken an extensive study of her chronic diarrhea, and other possible causes had been excluded. Her usual medications included intravenous gamma globulin every 3 weeks, bronchodilators, and nebulized colistin. She had received several courses of azithromycin treatment for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections over the last 5 years.Over the previous 7 days her diarrhea had markedly worsened (up to 10 stool passages a day), and she experienced abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. She was admitted to the intensive care unit. Blood cultures were sterile; stool cultures were positive for C. coli, which was resistant to erythromycin (MIC of Ͼ256 mg/liter), ciprofloxacin (MIC of Ͼ32 mg/liter), and tetracycline, as tested by Etest (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), and susceptible...

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“…These strain-specific differences were clearly observed when experimental infection of naive individuals with C. jejuni strain CG8421 failed to offer protection against a second bout of campylobacteriosis upon rechallenge with the same strain (8). Interestingly, an immunocompetent adult experimentally infected with C. jejuni experienced recrudescence of the infection at the conclusion of antibiotic therapy (9), suggesting that the incidence of recurrent infection may be underestimated.…”

Section: Jejuni and C Coli Are Established Causes Of Diarrhea In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni , there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus . Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.

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Recrudescent Campylobacter jejuni Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult following Experimental Infection with a Well-Characterized Organism

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulates the Host Immune Response

The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulates the Host Immune Response

Potential Use of Fosfomycin-Tromethamine for Treatment of Recurrent Campylobacter Species Enteritis

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

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