Recovery of Ornithosis Agent from Naturally Infected White-Winged Doves

Grimes, James E.; Sullivan, Thelma D.; Irons, J. V.

doi:10.2307/3798753

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although the ovine abortion strains specifically formed a monophylic clade with three parakeet strains, the phylogenetic independence of the ruminant abortion group was not clear in the 16S rDNA. On the other hand, one of the clades formed by strains Tk-NJ, from a turkey with ornithosis, Pgn-Au-46, from a pigeon (9), and T3, from a white-winged dove (23), could be clearly discriminated from the others. This indicates that substantial divergence exists within the avian strains of C. psittaci.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phylogenetic analyses of Chlamydia psittaci strains from birds based on 16S rRNA gene sequence

et al. 1997

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The nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were determined for 39 strains of Chlamydia psittaci (34 from birds and 5 from mammals) and for 4 Chlamydia pecorum strains. The sequences were compared phylogenetically with the gene sequences of nine Chlamydia strains (covering four species of the genus) retrieved from nucleotide databases. In the neighbor-joining tree, C. psittaci strains were more closely related to each other than to the other Chlamydia species, although a feline pneumonitis strain was distinct (98.3 to 98.6% similarity to other strains) and appeared to form the deepest subline within the species of C. psittaci (bootstrap value, 99%). The other strains of C. psittaci exhibiting similarity values of more than 99% were branched into several subgroups. Two pigeon strains and one turkey strain formed a distinct clade recovered in 97% of the bootstrapped trees. The other pigeon strains seemed to be distinct from the strains from psittacine birds, with 88% of bootstrap value. In the cluster of psittacine strains, three parakeet strains and an ovine abortion strain exhibited a specific association (level of sequence similarity, 99.9% or more; bootstrap value, 95%). These suggest that at least four groups of strains exist within the species C. psittaci. The 16S rDNA sequence is a valuable phylogenetic marker for the taxonomy of chlamydiae, and its analysis is a reliable tool for identification of the organisms.Chlamydiae constitute a group of obligate intracellular organisms that are differentiated from other bacteria by their unique developmental cycles (43). The genus Chlamydia currently contains four species, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia pecorum, and Chlamydia psittaci (16,17,22). C. trachomatis has been divided into three biotypes and 15 serovars (44). C. pneumoniae, which has been separated from C. psittaci based on DNA-DNA reassociation and the morphology of the elementary body (EB), is clearly discriminated by antigenic structures that react with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (32,38). The genealogical characteristics of another newly classified species, C. pecorum, are also distinct (7,16,27). Strains of C. psittaci, which has a broader host range than other species, have been grouped by MAbs (5,6,19,28,39) and by genetic diversity (5,15,18,20,27,41). We have reported that C. psittaci strains from pigeons and budgerigars can be grouped into six immunotypes by using MAbs to a pigeon strain and a budgerigar strain (40). Furthermore, Fukushi et al. (19) and Kikuta et al. (28) have demonstrated that extensive antigenic diversity exists not only between avian and mammalian C. psittaci strains but also within each of the groups. A comprehensive survey has been published by Anderson (6), who discriminated four avian serovars and three or more mammalian types by using serovar-specific MAbs.The importance of genetic relationships among chlamydial species and strains has been established, and typing of the organisms has been performed by many investigators. DNA-DNA homology...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phylogenetic analyses of Chlamydia psittaci strains from birds based on 16S rRNA gene sequence

et al. 1997

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“…In the USA, there have been suspected epizootics of psittacosis, in juvenile white-winged doves ( Zenaida asiatica ) in Texas [ 103 ], and in California gulls ( Larus californicus ) and ring-billed gulls ( Larus delawarensis ) in North Dakota [ 19 ], with C. psittaci found in many of the birds sampled at necropsy [ 19 , 103 ]. In recent years, a mortality event in rosy-faced lovebirds ( Agapornis roseicollis ) prompted screening of wild birds at feeders in Arizona, where several bird species (including feral pigeons, house sparrows, and Inca doves ( Columbina inca )) tested positive for C. psittaci [ 88 ].…”

Section: Global Chlamydial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many wild bird populations are thought to harbour chlamydial infections without being visibly affected [ 7 ]. However, suspected epizootics have occurred, such as in white-winged doves and various gull species in the USA [ 19 , 103 ], suggesting that chlamydial disease can also impact wild populations [ 112 ]. For the majority of studies discussed in this review, signs of infection were not recorded ( Table 1 ), and across the literature, the majority of reported clinical signs are from captive birds (principally poultry and parrots) [ 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Host Disease and Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, further data quantifying the effects of chlamydial infection on this population are needed to test this hypothesis; it is possible that the different infection rates were instead due to seasonal effects such as changes in social behaviour or breeding stress. Alternatively, there could be sub-lethal population-level effects of chlamydial infections, in addition to the reported epizootics [ 19 , 103 ]. Sub-lethal population impacts of infection are much less likely to be detected; wildlife disease sampling is generally biased towards mass die-offs [ 118 ]; hence, more subtle population-level effects are likely to be missed, as are sporadic cases with low-level mortality [ 13 ].…”

Section: Host Disease and Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Chlamydial Infections in Wild Birds

2021

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The Chlamydia are a globally distributed genus of bacteria that can infect and cause disease in a range of hosts. Birds are the primary host for multiple chlamydial species. The most well-known of these is Chlamydia psittaci, a zoonotic bacterium that has been identified in a range of wild and domesticated birds. Wild birds are often proposed as a reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci and potentially other chlamydial species. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge of chlamydial infections in wild avian populations. We focus on C. psittaci but also consider other Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-related bacteria that have been identified in wild birds. We summarise the diversity, host range, and clinical signs of infection in wild birds and consider the potential implications of these infections for zoonotic transmission and avian conservation. Chlamydial bacteria have been found in more than 70 species of wild birds, with the greatest chlamydial diversity identified in Europe. The Corvidae and Accipitridae families are emerging as significant chlamydial hosts, in addition to established wild hosts such as the Columbidae. Clarifying the effects of these bacteria on avian host fitness and the zoonotic potential of emerging Chlamydiales will help us to understand the implications of these infections for avian and human health.

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“…In the poultry industry, several economically important epidemics of chlamydiosis have been reported in turkeys (18) and ducks (15). Epidemics of avian chlamydiosis have also been reported in wild birds (10,11). The infections vary greatly in clinical severity, depending on the species and age of the infected bird and the C. psittaci strain.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Chlamydophila psittaci Isolated from Laying Hens with Cystic Oviducts

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2008

Avian Diseases

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The objective of this study was to isolate and identify a hypothetical Chlamydiaceae pathogen from laying hens with an oviduct cyst, and to characterize its potential causal relation with decreased egg production. Our clinical survey showed that cystic oviducts were prevalent at rates of 10% and 15.1% in breeder and commercial hen flocks, respectively. Chlamydial antigens were detected in 20 of 50 pharyngeal swabs (40%) and in 17 of 20 oviduct tissues (85%) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen detection kits. The isolated pathogen was identified as Chlamydophila psittaci via complement fixation test, PCE-ELISA, and immunofluorescence assay. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus were excluded after oviduct tissues were inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonating eggs. The nucleotide sequence of the omp1 gene (accession no. EF202608) from the isolate was similar to that of C. psittaci avian type C (accession no. L25436). Typical cystic oviducts were observed in specific-pathogen-free hens inoculated intraperitoneally with the isolate. The high presence of chlamydial antigen is consistent with the cystic oviducts and poor egg production. We conclude that the isolated C psittaci is most likely associated with cystic oviducts in laying hens.

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Recovery of Ornithosis Agent from Naturally Infected White-Winged Doves

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogenetic analyses of Chlamydia psittaci strains from birds based on 16S rRNA gene sequence

Phylogenetic analyses of Chlamydia psittaci strains from birds based on 16S rRNA gene sequence

A Review of Chlamydial Infections in Wild Birds

Isolation and Characterization of Chlamydophila psittaci Isolated from Laying Hens with Cystic Oviducts

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