2021
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080948
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A Review of Chlamydial Infections in Wild Birds

Abstract: The Chlamydia are a globally distributed genus of bacteria that can infect and cause disease in a range of hosts. Birds are the primary host for multiple chlamydial species. The most well-known of these is Chlamydia psittaci, a zoonotic bacterium that has been identified in a range of wild and domesticated birds. Wild birds are often proposed as a reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci and potentially other chlamydial species. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge of chlamydial infections in wild… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…However, no psittacine species were sampled in these studies, whereas (Stokes et al, 2021;Sukon et al, 2021).…”
Section: Genetically Diverse Chlamydiaceae Infections Are Common Acro...mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…However, no psittacine species were sampled in these studies, whereas (Stokes et al, 2021;Sukon et al, 2021).…”
Section: Genetically Diverse Chlamydiaceae Infections Are Common Acro...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Infections have also been detected in non-psittacine species, mainly in single hosts, including a superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae), Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) and introduced species such as a domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) and a spotted dove (Spilopelia chinensis). These findings indicate that the Australian avian host range of C. psittaci is grossly underestimated (Anstey et al, 2021;Stokes et al, 2021Stokes et al, , 2020Sutherland et al, 2019). Furthermore, these infections were only described in a handful of surveillance studies conducted in one distinct Australian region, in the state of Victoria (Amery-Gale et al, 2020;Stokes et al, 2019Stokes et al, , 2020Sutherland et al, 2019) or as a discrete part of genotyping or equine/human infection studies (Anstey et al, 2021;Branley et al, 2016;Jelocnik et al, 2017;Jenkins et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results obtained in the current study show that despite the difference between the percentage of positive results in dry (9/99, 9.1%) and fresh (2/44, 4.5%) faecal samples, the results proved to be statistically insignificant (Fisher’s exact test; p < 0.05) (Table 1 ). Indirect environmental exposure is presumed to be an important factor of human infections [ 8 , 39 ], even if contact with pigeon faeces is temporary [ 38 ]. In addition, cases caused by direct contact with sick or dead pigeons cannot be excluded [ 18 ], but the most important seems to be the tendency of pigeon faeces to dust formation and inhalation.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Avian chlamydiae are increasingly gaining attention worldwide, as a recent genus expansion has contributed to new species detection in a broad range of avian hosts. In a comprehensive review, Stokes and colleagues present an update on chlamydial infections in wild avian populations [ 23 ]. They summarised the increasing global diversity and host range, elaborated on the expected clinical signs in wild birds, and emphasised the risk of zoonotic transmission and its implications for avian conservation.…”
Section: Avian Infections: New Chlamydial Species and Hosts And New C...mentioning
confidence: 99%