Recovery of manganese and zinc from spent Zn-C and alkaline batteries in acidic medium

Silva, Rafael Gudim da; Silva, Cristiano Nunes da; Afonso, Júlio Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422010000900024

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Potassium presented a decreasing concentration from topsoil to the column bottom. As K is one of the major components of alkaline batteries, these results indicate that K present in leachate and soil test samples was released by the batteries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of metal release from battery and electronic components in soil using SR‐TXRF and EDXRF

Santos

Almeida²,

Kemerich

et al. 2017

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Potentially toxic elements may be leached contaminating the soil, surface, and ground water due to the improper disposal of batteries and electronic devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate metal release from batteries and electronic components deposited in specific receptacles filled with soil in which acid rain was simulated. The leachate solution and the soil were analyzed by synchrotron radiation total reflection x‐ray fluorescence and benchtop energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence, respectively. Results indicate that batteries released K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb and electronic component released Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. For batteries' leachate test samples, higher amounts of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Pb have been released compared with electronic component ones under same the experimental conditions. The Fe, Cu, and Pb concentrations in battery leachate test samples were above their National Environment Council maximum permitted values (MPV) and in the electronic waste leachate ones, only the Pb concentrations was above MPV. For soil sample containing batteries K, Mn and Zn presented higher concentrations, mainly at the 10‐cm topsoil, ranging from 0.16 to 0.50, 0.27 to 8.67, and 0.03 to 1.26, in % (% w/w), respectively. The Zn–C battery soil samples present similar behavior to the alkaline ones. The impact due to the Pb release was higher in the soil test samples with electronic components, in which their concentrations ranged from 51 to 394 mg/kg, above its MPV up to 28‐cm soil layer. The X‐ray fluorescence techniques employed were suitable for water and soil environmental evaluation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of metal release from battery and electronic components in soil using SR‐TXRF and EDXRF

Santos

Almeida²,

Kemerich

et al. 2017

X-Ray Spectrometry

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“…It is estimated that Brazil produces about 1.2 billion units of batteries annually, a level far below that of countries such as China, where production is estimated at 15 billion units per year 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, this material, as well as manganese, could be recovered from batteries such as the alkaline type, as a secondary source of raw materials. It is possible that the solution to the question of spent batteries and other spent electronic materials is the recycling of these materials 2,7 . One of the possibilities of recycling these elements is in the production of inorganic pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Brown Inorganic Pigments with Spinel Structure from the Incorporation of Spent Alkaline Batteries

et al. 2020

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In this work, inorganic pigments were synthesized by solid state reaction, from the incorporation of components of exhausted alkaline batteries. For this, after disassembling the batteries, the components were subjected to water leaching, milling and heat treatment at high temperatures with an addition of 33% (in mol) commercial or recovered from own alkaline batteries anodes zinc oxide. The obtained pigments were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction particle size, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It was concluded that incorporation of the components of batteries generally yielded brown pigments with a structure of the spinel type ZnMn 2 O 4. SEM and particle size distribution analyses show that the addition of ZnO leads to a reduction in average grain size of the powders. The pigments when applied to color ceramic enamels, polymers and paints show good performance in the coloring of these products, with potential for commercial application.

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“…In recent years, the consumption of portable batteries has been increased due to the presence of many advantages, such as low cost and possibility of application of range of devices such as radios, calculators, and cameras [1][2][3][4]. Brazil produces about 1.2 billion portable batteries per year, while China has an annual production of over 15 billion portable batteries [5]. Zinccarbon (Zn-C) batteries, classified as primary batteries (non-rechargeable batteries), correspond to 70% of the Brazilian market [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of brown inorganic pigments with spinel structure using spent zinc-carbon batteries

Rodrigues

Göttert

Pereira

et al. 2018

PAC

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of zinc-carbon batteries to fulfil the demand for portable energy. This has led to an increase in the spent batteries disposal, which can cause environmental problems. In this study, inorganic brown pigments were produced using electrode materials from spent zinccarbon batteries with the aim of recycling this residue as it is toxic to the environment and human health when disposed incorrectly. The pigments were produced by the solid state reaction between the oxides mixtures from spent batteries and chromium oxide and heat treated at 1200°C for two hours. The produced pigments were stable and showed good colour and opacity when applied to ceramic pieces at a decorative burning temperature (850°C). At 1050°C, only the ZMC100 sample (with initial composition having ZnMn 2 O 4 : Cr 2 O 3 molar ratio of 1 : 1) showed stability. A good result was obtained when the produced samples were compared with the standards produced by solid-state reaction of the pure commercial oxides. The compounds produced during battery discharge, favoured the formation of ZnMn 2 O 4 with higher purity at low temperatures. Hence, the pigment produced using dry electrode materials as a precursor was more crystalline than the synthetic sample obtained under the same conditions.

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Recovery of manganese and zinc from spent Zn-C and alkaline batteries in acidic medium

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of metal release from battery and electronic components in soil using SR‐TXRF and EDXRF

Evaluation of metal release from battery and electronic components in soil using SR‐TXRF and EDXRF

Synthesis of Brown Inorganic Pigments with Spinel Structure from the Incorporation of Spent Alkaline Batteries

Production of brown inorganic pigments with spinel structure using spent zinc-carbon batteries

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