In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of zinc-carbon batteries to fulfil the demand for portable energy. This has led to an increase in the spent batteries disposal, which can cause environmental problems. In this study, inorganic brown pigments were produced using electrode materials from spent zinccarbon batteries with the aim of recycling this residue as it is toxic to the environment and human health when disposed incorrectly. The pigments were produced by the solid state reaction between the oxides mixtures from spent batteries and chromium oxide and heat treated at 1200°C for two hours. The produced pigments were stable and showed good colour and opacity when applied to ceramic pieces at a decorative burning temperature (850°C). At 1050°C, only the ZMC100 sample (with initial composition having ZnMn 2 O 4 : Cr 2 O 3 molar ratio of 1 : 1) showed stability. A good result was obtained when the produced samples were compared with the standards produced by solid-state reaction of the pure commercial oxides. The compounds produced during battery discharge, favoured the formation of ZnMn 2 O 4 with higher purity at low temperatures. Hence, the pigment produced using dry electrode materials as a precursor was more crystalline than the synthetic sample obtained under the same conditions.
As zeólitas podem ser usadas em diversas funções como catalisadores (produção de biocombustíveis) e peneiras moleculares (tratamento de áreas contaminadas). Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar as zeólitas obtidas na transição de uma zeólita semelhante à Faujasita para Sodalita, quando submetidos a diferentes tempos de tratamentos térmicos. As zeólitas sintetizadas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X onde se identificou as fases cristalinas semelhante a Faujasita, Sodalita, SiO 2 e a presença de material amorfo. O tratamento térmico de 4 horas produziu zeólitas com estrutura cristalina semelhante à estrutura cristalina da Faujasita, apresentando sítios básicos, área superficial de 552,7 m 2 g -1 e volume de poros de 0,3391 cm 3 g -1 . Com o aumento do tempo do tratamento térmico houve transição para a fase Sodalita, contendo 0,277 mmol g -1 de sítios básicos ativos, com volume de poros de 0,0651 cm 3 g -1 e área superficial 11,38 m 2 g -1 . Pelo Método de Rietveld foi identificada e quantificada a presença de Sodalita e Hidrossodalita nas amostras com tempo de reação de 24 e 30 h. ResumoThe zeolites can have several functions as catalysts (biofuel production) and molecular sieves (treatment of contaminated areas). This study aims to characterize the zeolites obtained in the transition of a Faujasite like zeolite into a Sodalite, when submitted to different thermal treatment times. The synthesized zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction where the crystalline phases were identified: Faujasite, Sodalite, SiO 2 and amorphous material. The 4 hours heat treatment produces zeolite crystal structure similar to Faujasite, having basic sites, surface area of 552.7 m 2 g -1 , and pore volume of 0.3391 cm 3 g -1 . With increasing time of heat treatment was observed the transition to the Sodalite phase witch containing 0.277 mmol g -1 of basic active sites with surface area of 11.38 m 2 g -1 and pore volume of 0.0651 cm 3 g -1 . By the Rietveld method was identified and quantified the presence of Sodalite and Hidrossodalite in samples with 24 and 30 hours of reaction times.
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