Recovery of lost face of burn patients, perceived changes, and coping strategies in the rehabilitation stage

Experiences of guilt, shame and blame in those affected by burns: A qualitative systematic review

“…This systematic review incorporated the experiences of guilt, blame and shame across the lifespan for burn survivors (n =187), their families as well as the experiences of the parents of burn injured children (n=154). Studies were conducted across eight countries; Australia [26][27][28][29][30], China [31], Brazil [32,33], Malawi [34], Sweden [35], India [36,37], Canada [38][39][40], United…”

“…The qualitative approaches used included phenomenology (four studies) [26][27][28][29][30] with one study having two data sets [28,29], ethnography (two studies) [32,33], grounded theory (four studies) [31,36,37,42] with one study reporting different findings [36,37], and narrative/thematic analysis (seven studies) [9,35,[38][39][40][41].…”

“…Feelings of shame and embarrassment were evident in several of the included studies [9,31,33,35,40,41]. Feelings of shame primarily manifested in the concept of one's body image which included social, cultural and parental perspectives.…”

“…Williams et al [41] described a fathers shame about his son's appearance as the son recalled his father relaying the fact that "he couldn't handle it how (I) looked" and further stated that "It's a shame that he has to look like that". (p.70) From a cultural perspective, Ren et al [31] discussed the notion of losing face. The face which is also referred to as "Mianzi" in Chinese culture, represents a physical, social, emotional and moral portrait.…”

“…The face which is also referred to as "Mianzi" in Chinese culture, represents a physical, social, emotional and moral portrait. The face is the most significant element of social interaction in China representing social appearance and one's behaviours [31]. As the face denotes the domains of social status, prestige, respect, the concept of honour and dignity, losings one's face brings feelings of shame and guilt [31].…”