Recovery of cholinesterase activity in the earthworm Eisenia fetida Savigny following exposure to chlorpyrifos

Evaluation of EROD and CYP3A4 activities in earthworm Eisenia fetida as biomarkers for soil heavy metal contamination

“…Several earthworm biomarkers have been developed and applied [1,[12][13][14], but new biomarkers still need to be developed to supplement standard toxicity tests [1,9,[15][16][17][18][19]. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase system is a large family of hemoproteins and plays a vital role in the detoxification and biotransformation of many xenobiotic compounds [20].…”

Comparative Toxicity of Spinetoram and Nitenpyram against Earthworm and their Effects on Protein Contents and Cholinesterase Activity

“…Kristoff et al (2006) reported the assessment of sample recoveries in the earthworm Lumbricus variegatus, under exposure of azinphos-methyl, inhibition of ChE observed to be 90%. Under treatment of chlorpyrifos the ChE activities found up to 40% inhibition (Aamodt et al, 2007). In the carried out work, cholinesterase activity was mostly found inhibited under exposure of nitenpyram and spinetoram.…”

Use of earthworms as a pesticide exposure indicator in soils under conventional and organic management

“…Some authors (Aamodt et al, 2007;Rault et al, 2008;and Collange et al, 2010), have indicated that cholinesterase activity usually shows slow recovery rates until it reaches normal levels when exposed to organophosphates. This CbE activity in intestinal tissue of L. terrestris remains inhibited for a long period of time, more than 1-mo, after applying organophosphorus (González et al, 2010); that is, enzymatic activity is not recovered either by the spontaneous reactivation of the phosphorylated enzyme by the organophosphorus pesticide (Rodríguez-Castellanos and Sanchez-Hernandez, 2007) or the synthesis of the new enzyme during this inhibition period.…”