Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction

Abstract

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a clean and environmentally friendly alternative for the recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit by-products. Herein we focused on PLE for the extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using a combination of pressurized water and ethanol. The main aim was to determine the optimal PLE conditions, i.e., ethanol percentage and process temperature, to obtain a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with maximum total phenolic content (TPC), punicalagin content, and antimicrobial activity (AMA). The experimental design was conducted using a central composite design with axial points. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the response variables using the desirability function. Multiple response optimization indicated a process temperature of 200 °C and ethanol of 77% as optimal conditions. The TPC and the punicalagin content of PPE-PLE obtained under optimal conditions were 164.3 ± 10.7 mg GAE/g DW and 17 ± 3.6 mg/g DW, respectively. Our findings support the efficacy of PLE on TPC recovery but not in punicalagin recovery. The AMA against S. aureus was 14 mm. The efficacy of PPE-PLE in food applications must continue to be studied in order to achieve adequate information on its potential for developing new food additives.

Recovery from Food Waste—Biscuit Doughs Enriched with Pomegranate Peel Powder as a Model of Fortified Aliment

“…The suspension was sonicated twice in an ultrasonic bath at 59 kHz and 198 W for 30 s and magnetically stirred for two hours at room temperature. The insoluble fraction was removed after centrifugation at 2500 rpm for 15 min at 4 • C and resulted in about 55 wt% of the total weight of the sample and mainly consisted of fibers, proteins, and ash [30]. The collected supernatant was filtered (0.45 µm Sartorius filter), aliquoted (1 mL/vial), and stored at −20 • C for further analyses.…”

“…To the purpose of identifying the molecules present in the PPP, an HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS measurement was performed, allowing the detection of a total of 17 phytochemical compounds (Figure 1 and Table 3). Twelve compounds, previously reported in pomegranate by-products [30], were classified according to their chemical nature in the following families: sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids, and hydrolysable tannins.…”

Encapsulation of Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.) by Double Emulsions: Effect of the Encapsulation Method and Oil Phase

“…Pomegranate is consumed as fresh arils or as processed products, e.g., fresh or concentrated juice, infusions or jam. Nevertheless, juice yield is only the 40% of the whole fruit, and the remaining corresponds to pomegranate by-products considered wastes such as pomegranate peel (PP), seeds and mesocarp [2].…”

Progress in the Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes: Active Packaging, Biocomposites, By-Products, and Innovative Technologies Used for Bioactive Compound Extraction

“…Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a recent extraction method that has been widely used on seaweed, plants and food-related by-products [ 171 ], grape skin and seeds waste [ 172 ], passion fruit rinds [ 173 ], pomegranate peel [ 174 ], olive pomace [ 175 ], mulberry pulp [ 176 ], and beetroot waste [ 177 ]. Table 7 shows the optimum yield levels found in progress studies for the bioactive compounds found in FVW.…”