Recovery of active cathode materials from lithium-ion batteries using froth flotation

Zhan, Ruiting; Oldenburg, Zachary; Pan, Liyang

doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2018.e00062

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At times, hydrometallurgical treatment follows separation, hydrometallurgical processes require a high purity of the intermediate products for sufficient process stability and selectivity. Commonly used processes are magnetic and eddy current separation, screening, gravity sorting in flow fields [31,69] or with pneumatic shaking tables [88] as well as flotation, to either enrich valuable materials or to deplete impurities in fractions [3,88,90]. Furthermore, it is necessary to install appropriate measures for the dedusting and separation of the electrolyte from the process media, latter thermally or chemically [18,31].…”

Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Werner

Peuker

Mütze

2020

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is becoming increasingly important with regard to environmental, economic, geostrategic, and health aspects due to the increasing amount of LIB produced, introduced into the market, and being spent in the following years. The recycling itself becomes a challenge to face on one hand the special aspects of LIB-technology and on the other hand to reply to the idea of circular economy. In this paper, we analyze the different recycling concepts for spent LIBs and categorize them according to state-of-the-art schemes of waste treatment technology. Therefore, we structure the different processes into process stages and unit processes. Several recycling technologies are treating spent lithium-ion batteries worldwide focusing on one or several process stages or unit processes.

show abstract

Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Werner

Peuker

Mütze

2020

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies often describe the cutting open of cells with hand tools (Li et al, 2010) , (Contestabile et al, 2001), and the unwinding of the electrode jelly roll by hand (Chen et al, 2017) followed by the soaking of electrodes in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent to remove the CAM from the current collector (Contestabile et al, 2001) , (Chen et al, 2017); however, NMP is costly and not suitable for scaled recycling operations (Yao et al, 2018). Even when using machinery for disassembly and physical separation, it is often small scale, such as planetary ball mills (Li et al, 2010) or household blenders (Sloop et al, 2018) , (Zhan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Lithium-ion Battery (Lib) Recycling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current recycling infrastructure is limited for strategic metals such as lithium and cobalt, despite projections that millions of EVs will hit the road in the next decade. Overall, lithium-ion batteries' (LiBs) EOL recycling rate (EOL-RR) is estimated to be very low globally (Zeng et al, 2014) , (Zhan et al, 2018) and in China less than 10% (Gu et al, 2017). In Belgium, roughly 24% of LiBs are accumulated in homes with 10-13.5% ending up in landfills (Lizin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An applied analysis of the recyclability of electric vehicle battery packs

Leon

Miller

2020

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Wet-flotation separation methods for recycling spent LIBs include (among others) spouted bed elutriation and ultrasonic washing. In froth flotation experiments, over 90% of the anode materials and 10–30% of the cathode materials have been floated in froth layers (Bertuol et al, 2015; Zhan et al, 2018). Ultrasonic washing has separated LiCoO 2 from Al foils and graphite power from Cu foils, although the separation efficiency depends on the temperature and duration of the ultrasonic washing (He et al, 2019; Li et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of electrode materials from spent lithium-ion power batteries via thermal and mechanical treatments

Zhu

et al. 2020

Waste Manag Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study developed a physical separation process that recovers active cathode materials from current collectors in spent lithium-ion power batteries (LIBs). The physical separation process, implemented via thermal and mechanical treatments, was examined based on cohesive zone models (CZMs) and verified by physical separation experiments. The most efficient condition was determined by optimising the key parameters (temperature and time) of selective heating. Among several mechanical separation methods, high-speed shearing best separates positive electrode materials into active cathode materials (LiFePO4) and current collectors (Al fragments). The separation effect was verified by computing the dissociation rate and microscopic observation of the separated materials. The feasibility and efficiency of the above process were assessed in a work-of-force analysis, flow field simulation, high-speed crushing experiment and material property analysis. The above analyses realised a feasible, efficient and environmentally friendly separation route without changing the chemical structure and properties of the electrode materials. Under non-high (energy-conserving) temperature conditions, the LiFePO4 dissociation rate stabilises at 80–85%. Under high-speed crushing, the LiFePO4 dissociation rate reaches 85% at 32,000-r/min crushing and a maximum shearing velocity of the blade edge v ≈ 500 m/s. This approach can effectively recycle electrode materials, gain valuable resources and can be used to recycle and utilise spent LIBs, thus addressing two grave issues – environmental pollution and resource wastage to achieve the sustainable development of LIBs and electric vehicle industry.

show abstract

Recovery of active cathode materials from lithium-ion batteries using froth flotation

Cited by 50 publications

References 48 publications

Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

An applied analysis of the recyclability of electric vehicle battery packs

Recycling of electrode materials from spent lithium-ion power batteries via thermal and mechanical treatments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About