Recovery and viability of <i>Orientia tsutsugamwhi</i> from packed red cells and the danger of acquiring scrub typhus from blood transfusion

Casleton, B.G.; Salata, Konrad; Ga, Dasch; Strickman, Daniel; Dj, Kelly

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.38798346638.x

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Mouse inoculation is even more laborious and intensive on resources 10. Current methods of isolation are, therefore, not appropriate for the routine diagnosis of scrub typhus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus

Koh

Maude²,

Paris³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

217

242

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Scrub typhus is transmitted by trombiculid mites and is endemic to East and Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The clinical syndrome classically consists of a fever, rash, and eschar, but scrub typhus also commonly presents as an undifferentiated fever that requires laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis, usually by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay. We discuss the limitations of IFA, debate the value of other methods based on antigen detection and nucleic acid amplification, and outline recommendations for future study.

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“…Mouse inoculation is even more laborious and intensive on resources 10. Current methods of isolation are, therefore, not appropriate for the routine diagnosis of scrub typhus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus

Koh

Maude²,

Paris³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

217

242

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“…In these cases, there was a period when the donor was asymptomatic and therefore not deferred from donating blood, yet parasitemia was sufficient to result in transfusion‐related disease. Other bacteria, such as B. burgdorferi and Orientia tsutsugamushi , the causative rickettsial agent of scrub typhus, can survive in stored blood products, 7–10,20 but these pathogens have not been linked to transfusion‐related disease. Although the pathogenesis of the human ehrlichiosis is incompletely understood, it is likely that an asymptomatic period occurs in which infected individuals have high enough titers of ehrlichiae circulating in their blood that it would be potentially infectious if transfused.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the possibility of transmission of tick‐borne pathogens via blood transfusion

Arguin

Singleton²,

Rotz³

et al. 1999

Transfusion

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BACKGROUND: Tick-borne illnesses were diagnosed in a group of National Guard members, including some who had donated blood a few days before the onset of symptoms. A voluntary recall of those blood components was issued and a multistate investigation was conducted to determine if transfusion-transmitted illness had occurred. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Donors and recipients were asked to complete questionnaires regarding symptoms and risk factors for infection and to provide blood samples for laboratory analysis. RESULTS: Among National Guard personnel who donated blood, 12 individuals were found to have a confirmed or probable case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever or ehrlichiosis. A total of 320 units (platelets or packed red cells) from 377 donors were transfused into 129 recipients. Although 10 recipients received units from National Guard personnel with confirmed or probable infection, none became ill. CONCLUSION: Transfusion-transmitted illness did not occur. Despite the awareness of the risk for tick-borne diseases and the use of tick-preventive measures, many National Guard personnel reported exposure to ticks. In addition to augmenting current tick-preventive measures, scheduling blood drives before rather than after field exercises could further reduce the potential for transmission of tick-borne pathogens.

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“…53,54 Similarly, recipients of blood components from donors subsequently diagnosed as having Lyme disease, which is caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, have not demonstrated any signs or symptoms of the disease. These bacteria are the etiologic agents of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, and scrub typhus, respectively, and may theoretically be transmitted by transfusion.…”

Section: Intracellular Bacteria: Rickettsias and Spirochetesmentioning

confidence: 99%