Recovery and bio-potentialities of astaxanthin-rich oil from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) waste and mackerel (Scomberomous niphonius) skin using concurrent supercritical CO2 extraction

Supercritical CO 2 extraction and quality comparison of lipids from Yellowtail fish ( Seriola quinqueradiata ) waste in different conditions

“…A notable decrease in the sample weight was recorded at 300°C; at this temperature, the recorded weight of SC‐CO 2 ‐extracted oils at 45°C and 15 MPa and at 50°C and 30 MPa and of the Soxhlet‐extracted oils was 40.91%, 37.49%, and 18.75%, respectively. Usually, in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, lipids are oxidized, resulting in the formation of peroxides, involved in the increase of sample weight (Roy et al., 2020; Sathivel, Yin, Prinyawiwatkul, & King, 2009). No increase in weight was observed in the thermogravimetric curve of the yellowtail viscera oil, which indicates that there is no relationship between oxygen absorption and thermal degradation of oil.…”

“…The color of the extracted oils was assessed according to a previous method with the L* , chroma a* and, chroma b* system (Roy et al., 2020) using a portable reflectance spectrophotometer (Lovibond RT, Solstice Park, Amesbury, UK). Pure white and black color standards were used to calibrate the instrument.…”

“…Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acids composition of the yellowtail fish viscera oil extracted using the SC‐CO 2 and soxhlet apparatus according to the methods followed by (Roy et al., 2020). An analysis was carried out using an Agilent 6890 and a fused silica capillary column (100 m length × 0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.25 μm of film).…”

“…and 30 MPa and of the Soxhlet-extracted oils was 40.91%, 37.49%, F I G U R E 5 Thermogravimetric analysis of yellowtail fish viscera oil extracted by different conditions and 18.75%, respectively. Usually, in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, lipids are oxidized, resulting in the formation of peroxides, involved in the increase of sample weight (Roy et al, 2020;Sathivel, Yin, Prinyawiwatkul, & King, 2009). No increase in weight was observed in the thermogravimetric curve of the yellowtail viscera oil, which indicates that there is no relationship between oxygen absorption and thermal degradation of oil.…”

“…Furthermore, the solvating power of SC-CO 2 can be regulated by tuning the temperature and/or pressure to permit fitting selectivity (Lee, Asaduzzaman, Yun, Yun, & Chun, 2012). SC-CO 2 extraction has been demonstrated to be an efficient separation method in the area of functional foods and nutraceutical supplements (Reverchon & De Marco, 2006;Rosa et al, 2008;Roy, Getachew, Cho, Park, & Chun, 2020). Ferdosh et al (2015) extracted tuna by-products oil by using organic solvent and SC-CO 2 extraction.…”