Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature

Gozalo-Marcilla, Miguel; Ringer, Simone K

doi:10.3390/ani11061777

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 404 publications

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“…In horses, general anesthesia is always recommended. A typical regime would be combined regional-general anesthesia, to reduce the depth of the anesthetic plane required ( 52 ). The induction should be carried out in a safe and carefully chosen environment.…”

Section: Methods: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Guidelines for Electrochemotherapy of Superficial Tumors

Tellado¹,

Mir

Maglietti

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Electrochemotherapy (ECT) consists in the application of electric pulses to increase chemotherapeutic drug intake (bleomycin, cisplatin, or calcium) into the tumor cells. It has become a very valuable treatment option in veterinary oncology. It is an effective and safe treatment modality, which is not only beneficial as a palliative treatment, but also for a curative approach. Performing the treatment adequately will ensure the best results possible, in the minimum number of sessions, and reduce complications. Usually, only one session is enough to achieve excellent results, but the treatment can be repeated. Several sessions can be necessary in the case of incompletely treated or very extended lesions, as well as in the occurrence of new lesions. ECT is effective for superficial or oral tumors of any histology that are accessible to the electrodes. Intravenous bleomycin is the preferred drug and route of administration, leaving other ways of administration and drugs for selected cases. The guidelines presented here are destined to veterinarians who want to develop their understanding of the basis of ECT and wish to perform it adequately and effectively. In this paper, we also discuss common problems and how to solve them, and we include practical tips to improve the treatment results based on common questions and mistakes of beginner users.

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Section: Methods: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Guidelines for Electrochemotherapy of Superficial Tumors

Tellado¹,

Mir

Maglietti

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Standing field procedures in oral cavity of horses requires cautious use of sedatives to avoid ataxia and tongue and head movements. Maintenance of standing horses provides lower anesthetic risk to the patient compared to general anesthesia (De Bont, 2021;Gozalo-Marcilla & Ringer, 2021) once the disadvantages of the decubitus will not occur, including the impairment on the gas exchange, neuropathy or myopathy, and injuries risks during induction and recovery. Moreover, sedation tends to promote lower hemodynamic depression compared to inhalant anesthesia (Menzies & Easley, 2014;Vigani & Garcia-Pereira, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ketamine can be an useful analgesic, mostly in inflammatory cases, and can also be used as rescue intervention in case of lightening level of α2 agonist sedation. Lidocaine provides visceral analgesia, sedation among, it also promotes gastrointestinal motility, but has lower therapeutic index (Love et al, 2011;Vigani & Garcia-Pereira, 2014;Gozalo-Marcilla & Ringer, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeitos sedativos e cardiorrespiratórios da detomidina associada ou não ao diazepam em equinos submetidos ao exame odontológico

Castro

Silva²,

Wenceslau³

et al. 2023

RSD

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A sedação para o exame odontológico, em estação, nos equinos é essencial para facilitar o manejo e garantir um exame de excelência. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar se o diazepam associado à detomidina potencializaria a sedação do agonista α2 (detomidina), principalmente pela redução do movimento da língua e mastigação sem excessiva desestabilização. Foram examinados 12 equinos adultos de diferentes idades, raças e sexos submetidos a correção dos arcos dentários e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre dois tratamentos: detomidina (20 µg.kg-1, IV) e diazepam (20 µg.kg-1, IV) (DD; n=6) ou detomidina (20 µg.kg-1, IV) e solução salina de NaCl 0,9% (DS; n=6). Foram avaliados o relaxamento e a exposição da língua, frequência cardíaca, intervalo PR, frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, temperatura retal, bloqueios atrioventriculares de segundo grau, grau de ataxia, movimento da cabeça, em nove momentos. E a distância da cabeça ao solo (HHAG) foram avaliadas em três momentos. Sempre que houve necessidade de aumentar a sedação, foi administrado um bolus de detomidina adicional (5µg.kg-1, IV). Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram sedação e relaxamento muscular. Foram observadas diferenças entre os momentos para o relaxamento da língua (língua VAS mm) e isto foi melhor observado em T7 para o tratamento DD e T5 para o tratamento DS e manteve-se significativamente inferior à linha de base durante todo o tempo avaliado. O presente estudo sugere que a detomidina forneceu sedação adequada em cavalos submetidos ao exame odontológico mas não há necessidade de utilizar o diazepam da forma proposta porque não foi encontrada qualquer diferença entre tratamentos para qualquer variável estudada. A adição de diazepam não melhorou a sedação e nem diminuiu o movimento da língua.

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“…It has been well established that recovery from general anaesthesia is a time of high risk (Laurenza et al, 2020), and several factors have been associated with poor recovery quality and subsequent complications (Gozalo‐Marcilla & Ringer, 2021; Loomes & Louro, 2022a, 2022b). As discussed by Jones et al (2023), the horse represented a higher‐risk patient for anaesthesia‐related mortality and recovery complications due to the presence of several of these risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%