Recovering rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using a resin-in-leach process: Selection of resin, leaching agent, and eluent

Virolainen, Sami; Repo, Eveliina; Sainio, Tuomo

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105125

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(q e,exp − q e,cal ) 2 (25) where: q e,exp is the adsorption capacity determined experimentally, q e,cal is the adsorption capacity according to the given isotherm model, and n is the numer of repetitions.…”

Section: Isotherm Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From their column studies, fractions with purity of 96.4% Nd, 87.9% Co, and 40% Dy were obtained. Virolainen et al [25] investigated the recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using various types of ion exchangers, i.e., the chelating ion exchanger Purolite S940 containing the aminophosphonic functional groups and the strongly acidic cation exchangers Purolite C150 and Finex CS16GC with the sulfonic functional groups. The studies revealed that the efficiency of REE recovery in a one-step process was greater when a chelating ion exchanger was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Lanthanum(III) and Nickel(II) Ions from Acidic Solutions by the Highly Effective Ion Exchanger

2020

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The recovery of La(III) and Ni(II) ions by a macroporous cation exchanger in sodium form (Lewatit Monoplus SP112) has been studied in batch experiments under varying HNO3 concentrations (0.2–2.0 mol/dm3), La(III) and Ni(II) concentrations (25–200 mg/dm3), phase contact time (1–360 min), temperature (293–333 K), and resin mass (0.1–0.5 g). The experimental data revealed that the sorption process was dependent on all parameters used. The maximum sorption capacities were found at CHNO3 = 0.2 mol/dm3, m = 0.1 g, and T = 333 K. The kinetic data indicate that the sorption followed the pseudo-second order and film diffusion models. The sorption equilibrium time was reached at approximately 30 and 60 min for La(III) and Ni(II) ions, respectively. The equilibrium isotherm data were best fitted with the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer capacities of Lewatit Monoplus SP112 were equal to 95.34 and 60.81 mg/g for La(III) and Ni(II) ions, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, dynamic experiments were performed using the columns set. The resin regeneration was made using HCl and HNO3 solutions, and the desorption results exhibited effective regeneration. The ATR/FT-IR and XPS spectroscopy results indicated that the La(III) and Ni(II) ions were coordinated with the sulfonate groups.

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Section: Isotherm Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Lanthanum(III) and Nickel(II) Ions from Acidic Solutions by the Highly Effective Ion Exchanger

2020

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“…This pressure may explain the incentive politics defended by international institutions for recovering these strategic metals from secondary resources such as low-grade minerals [ 2 ] and phosphate rocks [ 3 ], but also from waste industrial materials [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Hydrometallurgical processes are commonly used for recovering these metals from solid wastes and ores through acid leaching processes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a New Phosphonate-Based Sorbent and Characterization of Its Interactions with Lanthanum (III) and Terbium (III)

et al. 2021

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High-tech applications require increasing amounts of rare earth elements (REE). Their recovery from low-grade minerals and their recycling from secondary sources (as waste materials) are of critical importance. There is increasing attention paid to the development of new sorbents for REE recovery from dilute solutions. A new generation of composite sorbents based on brown algal biomass (alginate) and polyethylenimine (PEI) was recently developed (ALPEI hydrogel beads). The phosphorylation of the beads strongly improves the affinity of the sorbents for REEs (such as La and Tb): by 4.5 to 6.9 times compared with raw beads. The synthesis procedure (epicholorhydrin-activation, phosphorylation and de-esterification) is investigated by XPS and FTIR for characterizing the grafting route but also for interpreting the binding mechanism (contribution of N-bearing from PEI, O-bearing from alginate and P-bearing groups). Metal ions can be readily eluted using an acidic calcium chloride solution, which regenerates the sorbent: the FTIR spectra are hardly changed after five successive cycles of sorption and desorption. The materials are also characterized by elemental, textural and thermogravimetric analyses. The phosphorylation of ALPEI beads by this new method opens promising perspectives for the recovery of these strategic metals from mild acid solutions (i.e., pH ~ 4).

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“…Metal recovery from phosphate rock processing is thus considered a way to limit environmental and health issues associated with application of metal-loaded phosphoric acid, and to improve the cost of valorization of processed phosphoric acid. However, the treatment of both phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum can also be regarded as an opportunity to recover valuable and strategic metals (Khayambashi et al 2016;Reddy and Kumar 2016;Virolainen et al 2019). Indeed, wastes and sub-products of industrial production and mining activities may be considered for valorization of secondary resources (Gomes et al 2016;Islam et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium and iron removal from phosphoric acid using commercial resins for purification purpose

Taha

Masoud

Khawassek

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Three commercial resins bearing sulfonic, amino phosphonic, or phosphonic/sulfonic reactive groups have been tested for the removal of iron and cadmium from phosphoric acid solutions. The sorption properties are compared for different experimental conditions such as sorbent dosage (0.5-2.5 g L −1), phosphoric acid concentration (from bi-component solutions, 0.25-2 M), and metal concentrations (i.e., in the range 0.27-2.7mmolCdL −1 and0.54mmolFe L −1) with a special attention paid to the impact of the type of reactive groups held on the resins. The sulfonic-based resin (MTC1600H) is more selective for Cd (against Fe), especially at high phosphoric acid concentration and low sorbent dosage, while MTS9500 (aminophosphonic resin) is more selective for Fe removal (regardless of acid concentration and sorbent dosage). Equilibrium is reached within 2-4 h. The resins can be ranked in terms of cumulative sorption capacities according the series: MTC1600H > MTS9570 > MTS 9500. Sulfuric acid (0.5-1 M) can be efficiently used for the desorption of both iron and cadmium for MTC1600H, while for MTS9570 (phosphonic/sulfonic resin) sulfuric acid correctly desorbs Cd (above 96% at 1 M concentration), contrary to Fe (less than 30%). The aminophosphonic resin shows much poorer efficiency in terms of desorption. The sulfonic resin (i.e., MTC1600H) shows much higher sorption capacity, better selectivity, comparable uptake kinetics (about 2 h equilibrium time), and better metal desorption ability (higher than 98% with 1 M acid concentration, regardless of the type of acid). This conclusion is confirmed by the comparison of removal properties in the treatment of different types of industrial phosphoric acid solutions (crude, and pre-treated H 3 PO 4 solutions). The three resins are inefficient for the treatment of crude phosphoric acid, and activated charcoal pre-treatment (MTC1600H reduced cadmium content by 77%). However, MTC1600H allows removing over 93% of Fe and Cd for H 3 PO 4 pre-treated by TBP solvent extraction, while the others show much lower efficiencies (< 53%).

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Recovering rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using a resin-in-leach process: Selection of resin, leaching agent, and eluent

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Recovery of Lanthanum(III) and Nickel(II) Ions from Acidic Solutions by the Highly Effective Ion Exchanger

Recovery of Lanthanum(III) and Nickel(II) Ions from Acidic Solutions by the Highly Effective Ion Exchanger

Synthesis of a New Phosphonate-Based Sorbent and Characterization of Its Interactions with Lanthanum (III) and Terbium (III)

Cadmium and iron removal from phosphoric acid using commercial resins for purification purpose

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