Record performance of electrical injection sub-wavelength metallic-cavity semiconductor lasers at room temperature

Ding, Kang; Hill, MT Martin; Liu, ZC; Yin, LJ; Veldhoven, van Pj René; Ning, CZ

doi:10.1364/oe.21.004728

Cited by 158 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although these numbers have not been confirmed via direct amplification measurements, they are consistent with predictions of theoretical models for high carrier densities 21 and the low group velocity of light in small plasmonic waveguide lasers 18,20 . Particularly high gain has mostly been found for devices operated at low temperatures, however, even for room temperature electrically pumped lasers bulk material gain of ~940 cm -1 is inferred, albeit with a limited device lifetime due to the high injection currents 31 . High current injection can cause significant device heating and limit gain.…”

Section: Active Materials For Small Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in small lasers

2014

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In recent years there have been significant advances in the size and characteristics of small lasers, i.e. lasers with dimensions or modes sizes close to or smaller than the wavelength of emitted light. This work has primarily been led by innovative use of new materials and cavity designs. This article reviews some of the latest developments, particularly in metallic and plasmonic lasers, improvements in small dielectric lasers, and the emerging area of small bio-compatible/bioderived lasers. We examine the different approaches employed in small lasers to reduce size and how they lead to significant differences , particularly between metal and dielectric cavity lasers. We present potential applications for the various forms of small lasers and indicate where further developments are required.

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Section: Active Materials For Small Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the small V a should in theory result in small absolute threshold currents. It took less than six years from the first demonstration of this form of laser until CW lasing was achieved at room temperature and under electrical pumping 31 .…”

Section: Small Laser Types and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in small lasers

2014

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“…Nanowire lasers represent one promising approach toward miniaturized light sources. Acting both as the laser cavity and gain medium (6), nanowires may be easily incorporated into optoelectronic circuits based on their size as well as recent advances in electrical pumping (7)(8)(9)(10). A wide range of nanowire lasers has been reported consisting of a multitude of compositions including many II-VI and III-V semiconductors (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

Eaton

Lai

Gibson

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

700

723

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The rapidly growing field of nanoscale lasers can be advanced through the discovery of new, tunable light sources. The emission wavelength tunability demonstrated in perovskite materials is an attractive property for nanoscale lasers. Whereas organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials are known for their instability, cesium lead halides offer a robust alternative without sacrificing emission tunability or ease of synthesis. Here, we report the low-temperature, solution-phase growth of cesium lead halide nanowires exhibiting low-threshold lasing and high stability. The as-grown nanowires are single crystalline with well-formed facets, and act as high-quality laser cavities. The nanowires display excellent stability while stored and handled under ambient conditions over the course of weeks. Upon optical excitation, Fabry-Pérot lasing occurs in CsPbBr 3 nanowires with an onset of 5 μJ cm −2 with the nanowire cavity displaying a maximum quality factor of 1,009 ± 5. Lasing under constant, pulsed excitation can be maintained for over 1 h, the equivalent of 10 9 excitation cycles, and lasing persists upon exposure to ambient atmosphere. Wavelength tunability in the green and blue regions of the spectrum in conjunction with excellent stability makes these nanowire lasers attractive for device fabrication.nanowire | perovskite | laser | inorganic | stability M iniaturized light sources hold great promise for advancing the field of optoelectronics. The development of highly stable, wavelength-tunable light sources on the nanoscale can unlock the potential for commercial applications in optical communications (1, 2), sensing (3), imaging (4), and data storage (5), among many others. Nanowire lasers represent one promising approach toward miniaturized light sources. Acting both as the laser cavity and gain medium (6), nanowires may be easily incorporated into optoelectronic circuits based on their size as well as recent advances in electrical pumping (7-10). A wide range of nanowire lasers has been reported consisting of a multitude of compositions including many II-VI and III-V semiconductors (11). Unfortunately, fabrication of many of these nanowires requires expensive hightemperature or low-pressure conditions. Additionally, whereas most are stable under ambient conditions, only a few of these materials have demonstrated broad wavelength tunability. The recent discovery of the favorable properties of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite materials has triggered a paradigm shift in what is possible in optoelectronics. Stoichiometric wavelength tunability, low trap state density, solution-phase processability, as well as excellent light absorption and emission, make these materials well suited to applications in solar cells (12-15), light-emitting diodes (16, 17), photodetectors (18, 19), and lasers (20)(21)(22).Recently, Zhu et al. reported low lasing thresholds and recordbreaking quality factors for methyl ammonium lead halide (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 , X = I, Br, Cl) nanowire lasers as well as excellent wavelength tuna...

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“…5 Therefore various kinds of nanolasers, especially metal-coated nanolasers attract high attention in recent years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Up to now lasing with low threshold, 6,8,13,16 lasing at room temperature, 7,8,10,12,15 and continuous-wave (CW) laser operation 7,12 have been demonstrated. Almost all of them are designed with small sizes of about 1 lm or less three-dimensionally, and therefore the metal-coated nanolasers have extremely small volumes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured Q values were in the range of 100 to 500 and remained relatively low. 6,8,10,13,15,17 From the formula of the Q value, higher cavity Q indicates the lower internal loss in the cavity and will lead to the lower lasing threshold. In this regard, realization of higher cavity Q values is a prerequisite for realizing superior laser performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Q resonance modes observed in a metallic nanocavity

Takemoto

Ishihara

Kurosawa

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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Metallic nanocavities have been actively studied for realizing nanolasers with low threshold. Presence of resonance modes with high cavity Q values is the indication of low internal loss that leads to low threshold lasing. However, cavity Q values observed in metallic nanocavities below lasing threshold remain low at present on the order of 100 to 500. We study the possibility to realize higher resonance Q values with a metallic nanocavity. For probing purpose of cavity modes we propose to employ broad mid-gap-state optical emission of n-type GaAs. With this method we report the observation of a resonance mode with the high Q value of 3800 at room temperature with the metallic nanocavity. The cavity mode is identified as a whispering-gallery mode with finite-element- method simulation

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Record performance of electrical injection sub-wavelength metallic-cavity semiconductor lasers at room temperature

Cited by 158 publications

References 35 publications

Advances in small lasers

Advances in small lasers

Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

High-Q resonance modes observed in a metallic nanocavity

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