Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

Abstract

The rapidly growing field of nanoscale lasers can be advanced through the discovery of new, tunable light sources. The emission wavelength tunability demonstrated in perovskite materials is an attractive property for nanoscale lasers. Whereas organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials are known for their instability, cesium lead halides offer a robust alternative without sacrificing emission tunability or ease of synthesis. Here, we report the low-temperature, solution-phase growth of cesium lead halide nanowires exhibiting low-threshold lasing and high stability. The as-grown nanowires are single crystalline with well-formed facets, and act as high-quality laser cavities. The nanowires display excellent stability while stored and handled under ambient conditions over the course of weeks. Upon optical excitation, Fabry-Pérot lasing occurs in CsPbBr 3 nanowires with an onset of 5 μJ cm −2 with the nanowire cavity displaying a maximum quality factor of 1,009 ± 5. Lasing under constant, pulsed excitation can be maintained for over 1 h, the equivalent of 10 9 excitation cycles, and lasing persists upon exposure to ambient atmosphere. Wavelength tunability in the green and blue regions of the spectrum in conjunction with excellent stability makes these nanowire lasers attractive for device fabrication.nanowire | perovskite | laser | inorganic | stability M iniaturized light sources hold great promise for advancing the field of optoelectronics. The development of highly stable, wavelength-tunable light sources on the nanoscale can unlock the potential for commercial applications in optical communications (1, 2), sensing (3), imaging (4), and data storage (5), among many others. Nanowire lasers represent one promising approach toward miniaturized light sources. Acting both as the laser cavity and gain medium (6), nanowires may be easily incorporated into optoelectronic circuits based on their size as well as recent advances in electrical pumping (7-10). A wide range of nanowire lasers has been reported consisting of a multitude of compositions including many II-VI and III-V semiconductors (11). Unfortunately, fabrication of many of these nanowires requires expensive hightemperature or low-pressure conditions. Additionally, whereas most are stable under ambient conditions, only a few of these materials have demonstrated broad wavelength tunability. The recent discovery of the favorable properties of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite materials has triggered a paradigm shift in what is possible in optoelectronics. Stoichiometric wavelength tunability, low trap state density, solution-phase processability, as well as excellent light absorption and emission, make these materials well suited to applications in solar cells (12-15), light-emitting diodes (16, 17), photodetectors (18, 19), and lasers (20)(21)(22).Recently, Zhu et al. reported low lasing thresholds and recordbreaking quality factors for methyl ammonium lead halide (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 , X = I, Br, Cl) nanowire lasers as well as excellent wavelength tuna...

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[37,[76][77][78][79][80] Due to the flexibility and ease of employing metal films as catalysts to initiate 1D crystal growth, various groups used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to synthesize II-VI and III-V semiconductor NWs. [81][82][83][84][85] Despite its versatility, the CVD approach is undesirable for synthesising perovskite NWs due to the low growth temperature of perovskite.…”

Unveiling the Nature of Charge Carrier Interactions by Electroabsorption Spectroscopy: An Illustration with Lead-Halide Perovskites

“…[4] The term perovskite originally designated calcium titanate CaTiO 3 and is now generalized to all compounds that exhibit an ABX 3 crystal structure in the form of corner-sharing BX 6 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Such a wide range of applications implies a wide range of shapes and structure, and, indeed, although mostly exploited in the form of semiconductor thin-films, lead-halide perovskites can be found as nanocrystals or colloidal nanoparticles, retaining their 3D geometry, as well as quantum-confined, 2D or quasi-2D layers.…”

Combination of solution-phase process and halide exchange for all-inorganic, highly stable CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowire photodetector

“…Fortunately, we can reduce breakage of nanowires by optimizing the parameters, such as growth time and the concentration of the solution during anion exchange. Compared with the previous reports, a large number of nanowires being fractured [32,33], and bottom of nanowires films becoming turbid owing to high temperatures [35], our method can protect the morphology of nanowires successfully and provide convenience for fabricating nanowire-based devices.…”

“…But the harsh preparation conditions and the high temperature are not available at any time. In addition, if the iodine precursor is substituted by bromine precursor directly, the product will be mixture of nanowires and nanoplates with various sizes [35]. Herein, P-CsPbBr 3 NWs (P stands for perovskite phase) have been obtained by introducing anion exchange strategy [36,37] and Yang's method [33] with low temperature annealing.…”