Reconstructing the internal structure and long-term evolution of hazardous sinkholes combining trenching, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR)

Fabregat, Ivan; Gutiérrez, Francisco; Pau, Carles Roqué i; Comas, Xavier; Zarroca, Mario; Carbonel, Domingo; Guerrero, Jesús; Linares, Rogelio

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.024

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The regression line of the sinkholes mapped in the epigene evaporite karst of the Fluvia Valley, north of the study area, shows a markedly different slope and intersects to or converges with the lines of the areas with smaller sinkholes. This can be attributed to the broad range of stratigraphic contexts and sinkhole types of the area, inasmuch subsidence affects to weak and thin alluvial cover, thickened and cemented alluvium, and thick caprocks of marls, sandstones or even Pleistocene basalts Fabregat et al, 2017). The regression line of the SMCV is displaced to the right, reflecting the much larger size of the sinkholes.…”

Section: Origin and Characteristics Of The Sinkholes In The Smcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hydrochemical and geomorphological data. The hypogene gypsum karst of the SMCV is contextualized within the regional Garrotxa-Banyoles aquifer system, which also includes sectors with epigene evaporite karst (Fluvia Valley), analysed in previous investigations Fabregat et al, 2017). A detailed cartographic sinkhole inventory together with geophysical data are used to characterise the sinkholes of the SMCV, addressing aspects such as subsidence mechanisms, morphometric features, magnitude and frequency relationships and spatial-temporal distribution patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sinkholes in hypogene versus epigene karst systems, illustrated with the hypogene gypsum karst of the Sant Miquel de Campmajor Valley, NE Spain

et al. 2019

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The Garrotxa-Banyoles artesian aquifer system in NE Spain includes zones with epigene and hypogene evaporite karst and sinkhole development. The sinkhole fields related to hypogene evaporite dissolution are associated with the discharge zones of the aquifer, where groundwater from a confined limestone rises traversing an overlying gypsum formation capped by thick marls. This work analyses the sinkhole field developed in the Sant Miquel de Campmajor Valley (SMCV), a discharge area of the aquifer, where a cartographic inventory including 94 sinkholes has been produced. Sinkholes in this hypogene gypsum karst are mainly large caprock-collapse sinkholes rooted in deep-seated cavities generated by interstratal hypogene karstification, as corroborated by an electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) survey. They show a nonclustered distribution within the sinkhole field and the variations in size and density across the area are mainly controlled by the thickness of the marl caprock. The magnitude and frequency relationships of the sinkholes can be modelled with a high goodness of fit with a log-normal function, like in other regions of the world. However, in this deep-seated hypogene system the depressions show much larger dimensions. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P TPotential differences between the sinkholes developed in hypogene and epigene karst environments are discussed, including their distribution with respect to the groundwater flow system, their spatial patterns and dimensions.

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Section: Origin and Characteristics Of The Sinkholes In The Smcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Sinkholes in hypogene versus epigene karst systems, illustrated with the hypogene gypsum karst of the Sant Miquel de Campmajor Valley, NE Spain

et al. 2019

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“…Destacam-se, neste sentido, produtos que permitem identificar mudanças na paisagem e sua cronologia, tais como as fotografias aéreas, ortofotos, imagens de satélite, produtos de mapeamento a laser (LiDAR), de radar e, em menor número, de sensores multiespectrais, hiperespectrais e termais (DAVENPORT, 2001;RUFFELL e DAWSON, 2009;PRINGLE et al, 2012). Galve et al (2015) e Carbonel et al (2017), por exemplo, utilizaram a técnica de Interferometria por Radar de Abertura Sintética (InSAR) para mapeamento de morfologias do relevo e obtenção de taxas de deformação da superfície, decorrentes por exemplo, de processos de subsidência em diferentes ambientes cársticos. Esta técnica se baseia na análise das diferenças de fase do sinal enviado pelo radar, registradas por duas antenas SAR localizadas em pontos diferentes do terreno.…”

Section: A Pesquisa Forense E a Utilização De Técnicas Das Ciências Dunclassified

Geomorfologia Aplicada à Análise Forense: Uma Avaliação Necessária

Mantovani

Rodrigues

2018

Rev. Dep. Geogr.

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A Ciência Criminalística refere-se à aplicação de instrumental científico em investigações conduzidas nas instâncias civil, criminal e administrativa, visando compreender as causas, os agentes responsáveis ou o dimensionamento de danos ocasionados. Podem ser realizadas em casos diversos, envolvendo ameaça à vida humana, questões médicas, trabalhistas e, mais recentemente, questões ambientais. A aproximação entre as Ciências da Terra e a análise forense tem ganhado destaque atualmente, em especial nos campos da geologia e da pedologia. A geomorfologia foi mais recentemente incorporada nessas análises, com pesquisas e aplicações ainda pouco numerosas, mas de grande potencial de contribuição, sobretudo em relação aos casos que envolvam processos e intervenções em sistemas físicos da superfície terrestre. Identificando os principais conceitos, abordagens e instrumentais utilizados nessas análises e baseando-se principalmente em literatura internacional, o estudo caracteriza o estado-da-arte da participação das Ciências da Terra e da geomorfologia na análise forense e elabora uma avaliação dessas aplicações, em relação aos seus potenciais e limitações. Dentre outros levantamentos, foi realizada investigação bibliográfica no portal Web of Sciences, com base em palavras-chave previamente selecionadas. O período avaliado inicia-se na década de 1960, em que se verificou crescente número de publicações dedicadas ao diálogo entre Ciências da Terra e análises forenses, especialmente a partir da década de 2000. Dentre outras tendências, foram evidenciadas lacunas sistemáticas quanto à participação da geomorfologia nas análises forenses e em peritagem, principalmente no que se refere ao seu potencial discriminador em situações de maior complexidade, que necessariamente envolvam abordagens integradoras.

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“…Sinkholes can be subdivided into two classes: (1) solution sinkholes and (2) subsidence sinkholes, which are also known as collapse sinkholes (Waltham and Fookes, 2003;Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Beck, 2012;Kaufmann and Romanov, 2016) (Fabregat et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sinkholesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solution sinkholes form by the lowering of the surface in soluble rocks due to dissolution of rocks along fissures causing collapse or sagging of the cover, caprock and bedrock(Gutiérrez et al, 2014;Kaufmann and Romanov, 2016;Al-Halbouni et al, 2017). Collapse sinkholes are karstic features and caused by the collapse of the void in the subsurface(Al-Halbouni et al, 2017;Fabregat et al, 2017). The cavities (void) in the subsurface enlarge due to the dissolution of soluble rocks along fractures and bedding planes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Natural caving systems as potential analogues to mining induced caving

Klawitter¹

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A rising demand for metals has forced the mining industry to target deeper orebodies. With increasing depth, lower grade orebodies become uneconomical because of higher extraction and production costs. Hence, the industry is transitioning to more cost-effective underground mass mining methods such as block caving (BC). In BC, the ore is undercut by blasting to create a void and then drawing off the broken rock to induce failure and subsidence of the overlying rock mass (cave back). This initiates an upward progression of the cave either due to failure along natural discontinuities (gravity caving) or due to stresses induced in the cave back (stress caving). Detailed knowledge of the geology and structure is required at all scales to manage the mine caving processes. This involves predicting the caveability and fragmentation of the rock mass and the effects of subsidence-induced deformation mechanisms on the surrounding rocks, and at surface. BC is a 'blind' mining method and direct observations of the mined zone are limited. To enhance the understanding of the processes operating in gravity induced cave systems, solution collapse breccia pipes (SCBPs) and sinkholes were studied on the Colorado Plateau, USA, as potential analogues to mining induced caving. SCBPs form under the influence of gravity, when rock masses progressively collapse into a developing void produced by water flow and the dissolution of rocks such as limestone. These processes result in an upward stoping process through the overlying rocks, which eventually forms a vertical, pipe-shaped column of broken rock. After lithification, this structure becomes an SCBP. Recent erosion that formed the Grand Canyon system has exposed many SCBPs in section on canyon walls.This study employed close-range photogrammetry and photo-interpretative mapping to study the features of well exposed but mostly inaccessible SCBPs and sinkholes. Georeferenced 3D models allowed accurate data to be collected for structural analysis, inferences to be made about rock mass behaviour, and the identification of processes that operated during subsidence. This was the first approach to study SCBPs by applying close-range photogrammetry. The results enhance the understanding of SCBP geological evolution over time.Four zones were identified in typical SCBPs, with each exhibiting different deformation and collapse mechanisms and/or flow processes. From the centre to the periphery, typical SCBPs are comprised of, (1) the breccia body, a clast to matrix-supported breccia with angular to sub-rounded clasts, (2) the pipe margin, a zone of intense fracturing and shearing, (3) the deformation zone, a region of faulted and displaced rocks surrounding the breccia body, and (4) the undeformed wallrocks. The mechanics of SCBP collapse are most strongly influenced by lithology and both preexisting and stress-induced discontinuities. Placing studied SCBPs in a regional context showed that their location and shape is controlled by basement faults and joint patterns.iii The analysis of clasts in ...

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Reconstructing the internal structure and long-term evolution of hazardous sinkholes combining trenching, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR)

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

Sinkholes in hypogene versus epigene karst systems, illustrated with the hypogene gypsum karst of the Sant Miquel de Campmajor Valley, NE Spain

Sinkholes in hypogene versus epigene karst systems, illustrated with the hypogene gypsum karst of the Sant Miquel de Campmajor Valley, NE Spain

Geomorfologia Aplicada à Análise Forense: Uma Avaliação Necessária

Natural caving systems as potential analogues to mining induced caving

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