Assessing the vegetation history of european chernozems through qualitative near infrared spectroscopy

Strouhalová, Barbora; Ertlen, Damien; Šefrna, Luděk; Novák, Tibor József; Virágh, Klára; Schwartz, Dominique

doi:10.4000/quaternaire.12101

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, according to Reisser et al (2016), next to the contents of organic carbon and clay one factor that strongly determines the soil BC dynamics is the regional climate. Accordingly, our measured proportion of BC of TOC of about 30% and the equal proportions of the benzenepolycarboxylic acids B4CA, B5Ca and B6Ca (Figure 6) are typical for Chernozems (Rodionov et al, 2010) that are found in regions with climate conditions that are similar as those of the Shiraki Plain (Strouhalová et al, 2019). No numerical ages are available for the start of Vertisol formation.…”

Section: Holocene Landscape Evolution Of the Shiraki Plainmentioning

confidence: 86%

Human-environmental interactions and seismic activity in a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement center in the southeastern Caucasus

et al. 2022

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Long-term human-environmental interactions in naturally fragile drylands are a focus of geomorphological and geoarchaeological research. Furthermore, many dryland societies were also affected by seismic activity. The semi-arid Shiraki Plain in the tectonically active southeastern Caucasus is currently covered by steppe and largely devoid of settlements. However, numerous Late Bronze to Early Iron Age city-type settlements suggest early state formation between ca. 3.2-2.5 ka that abruptly ended after that time. A paleolake was postulated for the lowest plain, and nearby pollen records suggest forest clearcutting of the upper altitudes under a more humid climate during the Late Bronze/Early Iron Ages. Furthermore, also an impact of earthquakes on regional Early Iron Age settlements was suggested. However, regional paleoenvironmental changes and paleoseismicity were not systematically studied so far. We combined geomorphological, sedimentological, chronological and paleoecological data with hydrological modelling to reconstruct regional Holocene paleoenvironmental changes, to identify natural and human causes and to study possible seismic events during the Late Bronze/Early Iron Ages. Our results show a balanced to negative Early to Mid-Holocene water balance probably caused by forested upper slopes. Hence, no lake but a pellic Vertisol developed in the lowest plain. Following, Late Bronze/Early Iron Age forest clear-cutting caused lake formation and the deposition of lacustrine sediments derived from soil erosion. Subsequently, regional aridification caused slow lake desiccation. Remains of freshwater fishes indicate that the lake potentially offered valuable ecosystem services for regional prehistoric societies even during the desiccation period. Finally, colluvial coverage of the lake sediments during the last centuries could have been linked with hydrological extremes during the Little Ice Age. Our study demonstrates that the Holocene hydrological balance of the Shiraki Plain was and is situated near a major hydrological threshold, making the landscape very sensitive to small-scale human or natural influences with severe consequences for local societies. Furthermore, seismites in the studied sediments do not indicate an influence of earthquakes on the main and late phases of Late Bronze/Early Iron Age settlement. Altogether, our study underlines the high value of multi-disciplinary approaches to investigate human-environmental interactions and paleoseismicity in drylands on millennial to centennial time scales.

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Section: Holocene Landscape Evolution Of the Shiraki Plainmentioning

confidence: 86%

Human-environmental interactions and seismic activity in a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement center in the southeastern Caucasus

et al. 2022

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“…It is assumed that the single soil spectra contain "fingerprints" of plant materials, which may be used to identify the vegetation that provides the biomass for SOM actually present in the soil [18]. Following this assumption, researchers [19,20] attempted to reconstruct the vegetation history on the chernozemic soils in Central Europe. Due to the capacity of mineral and organic signature detection, the application of MIR is preferentially centered on clay mineral and humic and fulvic acid studies [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Supports Identification of the Origin of Organic Matter in Soils

Dudek

Kabała

Łabaz

et al. 2021

Land

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Spectroscopic methods combined with statistics have recently gathered substantial interest in pedological studies. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been utilized, for example, for reconstructions of the history and transformations of Chernozems, although no similar research was conducted based on mid-infrared (MIR). In this paper, the relevance of MIR spectroscopy was tested in studies on the origin/affinity of organic matter from chernozemic soils. Samples collected from three vegetation classes (grasslands, forests and arable lands) were investigated using MIR spectroscopy in order to create a statistical model, which was applied on buried profiles of unknown origin. The results showed a clear disjunction of vegetation classes. Samples of buried soil were placed in the space between all classes, indicating the relation to variable vegetation. Therefore, arable lands should not be omitted in paleoecological reconstructions, because we cannot exclude the cultivation of fertile soils before their burial. It was concluded that MIR methods may have similar applicability to NIR spectroscopy. Additionally, MIR spectra may also be discriminated according to the recognized soil type, which allows for direct reconstructions of the transformation trends in buried profiles.

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“…Hence, the classical fractionation does not compete or replace more advanced studies concerning elemental composition, structure or other properties of extracted HS. Ongoing discussion about the nature of HS and validity of alkaline extraction, should encourage scientists to compare existing data with the results of investigations carried using the non-invasive procedures (omitting the chemical extractions) based on NIR, MIR or UV-Vis techniques (Trendel et al, 2010;Pietrzykowski and Chodak, 2014;Strouhalova et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The debates on the extraction and fractionation of HS have continue until present and still concentrate on the question of how the materials obtained by chemical extraction represent true structure and biological function of organic matter (Kleber and Johnson, 2010;Lehman and Kleber, 2015;Olk et al, 2019). However, it does not change a commonly accepted statement that there is no better alternative than sodium hydroxide solution for the separation of the humic substances from soil (Schnitzer and Monreal, 2011;Ohno et al, 2019), despite an increasing suitability of non-destructive quantitative analysis (Chodak, 2008;Strouhalova et al, 2019;Wells, 2019). However, even scientist who support the classical alkaline extractions in SOM studies, faced a problem of inconsisten-cy between extraction procedures and possible incomparability of their results (Andrzejewski, 1963;Mucha, 1961).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sequential extraction techniques and fractional composition of humic substances in chernozems and phaeozems of Poland – A review

Dudek¹,

Łabaz²,

Kabała³

2021

Soil Sci. Ann.

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Studies on organic matter have always been an important part of soil environment characterization. However, an extraction of humic substances from the organo-mineral complexes is diffi cult and requires special procedures. Sodium hydroxide, sodium pyrophosphate and sulfuric acids are among the basic extractants. However, its application in various order, combinations and concentrations arises question on the comparability of the results obtained from various methods. The aim of the review was to compare the major fractionation procedures according to Tiurin, Kononowa/Belczikowa, Boratyński/Wilk, and Duchaufour/Jacquin, and the composition of soil humus as investigated by these methods, using the published data for chernozemic soils from various regions of Poland. The comparison confi rmed, that these major fractionation procedures are hardly comparable in chemical terms due to differences in extraction environment. However, taking into account the declared binding strength of extracted humus fractions to the mineral soil compounds, the methods of Tiurin and Boratyński/Wilk gave the most compatible results. In general, all applied methods indicated a predominance of the humus fractions weakly and more strongly bound to nonsilicate soil compounds (apart from the high contribution of humins/non-extractable residuum). Considering all multistage and long lasting procedures applying different reagents in various concentration, the best results can be achieved with method of Tiurin. At the same time authors suggest that more advanced studies concerning composition, structure or other properties of extracted humic substances using the non-invasive procedures need to be carried out.

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Assessing the vegetation history of european chernozems through qualitative near infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Human-environmental interactions and seismic activity in a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement center in the southeastern Caucasus

Human-environmental interactions and seismic activity in a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement center in the southeastern Caucasus

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Supports Identification of the Origin of Organic Matter in Soils

Comparison of sequential extraction techniques and fractional composition of humic substances in chernozems and phaeozems of Poland – A review

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