Reconfigurable miniaturized UWB multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna system design and study using characteristics mode analysis

Abstract

In this article, a miniaturized reconfigurable 4-element ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed to operate from 2.52 to 24 GHz, and studied using characteristics mode analysis (CMA). Initially, a 1-element antenna is designed and then extended to 4-element MIMO configuration. The MIMO antenna achieves design merits by orthogonally sorting fractal radiators for miniaturization, a Γ-shaped slot for band-notching and rotationally symmetric connected ground for isolation. CMA is explored to study the band-notched behavior effect in antenna, which shows two operating modes, NM-mode and NB-mode (NM: normal-mode, NB: Notched-mode). The modal metrics is discussed for both modes giving an insights on the bandwidth and radiation potentials. Four RF p-i-n diodes are mounted at the Γ-shaped slot orifice on each antennas, to control the band-notched operation. At OFFstate, the antenna is with wide-band-rejection from 3.7 to 8.87 GHz and at ON-state, it works in pure UWB mode. To demonstrate its feasibility, a fabricated antenna of size 24 mm  24 mm is experimented which are in good agreements with simulated results.

Investigation of a Miniaturized Four-Element Antenna Integrated with Dipole Elements and Meta-Couplers for 5G Applications

“…The total active reflection coefficient (TARC) [ 63 , 64 , 65 ] for different angles swept from (0°, ... , 90°) were evaluated, and the reflection magnitudes were insensitive to angle variations. The TARC plot is shown in Figure 24 c. The 3D far-field radiation patterns at f = 5.8 GHz are shown in Figure 24 d. The compactness of the antenna is highlighted in Figure 25 depicting the fabricated prototypes of the one-element antenna and four-element antenna configurations.…”

“…The total active reflection coefficient (TARC) [63][64][65] for different angles swept from (0 • , . .…”

Design of a Monopole Antenna for WiFi-UWB Based on Characteristic Mode Theory

“…Its characteristic is that the mode itself does not depend on the excitation, so the characteristics of the mode can be analyzed by studying the characteristics of the antenna itself in the absence of excitation, so as to determine the appropriate mode. Then, the required characteristic mode excitation of the antenna is carried out through the appropriate feeding mode to achieve the initial design objectives and performance indicators of the antenna [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Ref.…”