Recommending Salt Intake Reduction to the Hypertensive Patient

Strazzullo, Pasquale; D’Elia, Lanfranco; Cairella, Giulia; Scalfi, Luca; Cola, Michele Schiano di

doi:10.2165/11632130-000000000-00000

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“… Assessment for the presence of target organ damage. Assessment of cardiovascular risk, including an oral glucose tolerance test. Education regarding increased cardiovascular and diabetes risk, with particular emphasis on maintaining and/or losing weight. Education regarding limiting salt intake, in particular processed foods Monitoring weight. Monitoring for conversion to sustained hypertension (1–2 yearly ABPM) and/or regular home BP monitoring. Monitoring for the development of diabetes, particularly in WCHT with weight gain. …”

Section: Overall Message For Treating Cliniciansmentioning

confidence: 99%

White-coat hypertension

Martin

McGrath

2013

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

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1. Numerous studies have examined whether white-coat hypertension (WCHT) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but with definitions of WCHT that were not sufficiently robust, results have been inconsistent. The aim of the present review was to standardize the evidence by only including studies that used a definition of WCHT consistent with international guidelines. 2. Published studies were reviewed for data on vascular dysfunction, target organ damage, risk of future sustained hypertension and cardiovascular events. 3. White-coat hypertension has a population prevalence of approximately 15% and is associated with non-smoking and slightly elevated clinic blood pressure. Compared with normotensives, subjects with WCHT are at increased cardiovascular risk due to a higher prevalence of glucose dysregulation, increased left ventricular mass index and increased risk of future diabetes and hypertension. 4. In conclusion, management of a patient with WCHT should focus on cardiovascular risk factors, particularly glucose intolerance, not blood pressure alone.

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Section: Overall Message For Treating Cliniciansmentioning

confidence: 99%

White-coat hypertension

Martin

McGrath

2013

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

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“…A national epidemiological survey (2001-2008) including 9832 individuals aged ≥25 years reported that 25.1% of the Vietnamese population had hypertension, almost half of whom were aware of their disease; the treatment rate in patients with hypertension was 62%, of whom 38.3% had controlled hypertension (3). Limiting salt consumption is an effective measures for the management and prevention of hypertension (4), (5). Research on hypertensive patients showed that reducing 1g of salt in the daily meal, systolic blood pressure decreased by 1mmHg (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Reduction Behavior and Related Factors in Hypertensive Older Patients

Mai

Linh

Trang

2022

Int J Health Sci Res

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Objectives: To describe the salt reduction behavior of hypertensive older patients in dietary and examine it related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 164 elderly patients with hypertensive. Salt reduction behaviour were measured by using a Dietary Sodium Reduction Self‐care Behaviour Scale (DSR-SCB Scale). Salt reduction knowledge was measured by using the Knowledge of Dietary Sodium Reduction Scale (KDSR Scale). Student T-Test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s product-moment correlations were used to analyze the data. Results: In total, 164 elderly patients with hypertensive were included. The mean age was 74.68 ± 8.22 years and female was accounted for 55%. The overall score of salt reduction knowledge and salt reduction behavior in the diet were 37.40 ± 4.20 and 27.32 ± 4.92, respectively. In which, the opinion “I prefer to eat home cooked food over food sold from street vendors” had the highest mean score (3.52 ± 0.58). The opinion “Every time I find my food salty, I am willing not to eat it” had the lowest mean score (2.65 ± 0.86). There was a statistically significant difference in salt reduction behavior between gender (p<0.01) and cooking skills (p<0.01). Salt reduction knowledge had significant correlation with salt reduction behavior (r=0.508, p<0.01). Conclusions: Salt reduction behavior basically related to gender and cooking skills. Due to lack of knowledge, patients had a low score in salt reduction behavior. Therefore, health‐care providers can focus their educational activities on these individuals to enhance their behaviors. Key words: Salt reduction, Behavior, Hypertension, Older patients .

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“…Reducing sodium intake effectively controls hypertension. 1,2 The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily sodium intake of less than 2000 mg. 3 In Hong Kong, sodium intake in the general population has been found to exceed the recommended level. [4][5][6] Therefore, reducing salt intake is a high-priority goal in the effort to halt the increasing trend of hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low awareness of high sodium intake among older Chinese people

et al. 2021

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Awareness is one of the first steps in a lifestyle modification process. Since older adults are at a higher risk of hypertension, maintaining low sodium intake is of utmost importance. Yet, it is uncertain if older adults have an awareness of their sodium intake. This study aimed to explore self-perceived sodium intake among older Chinese people and compare it with various measures of sodium intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hong Kong in 2015. Data were collected from 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UNa24) measurements, dietary sodium intake by 24-h diet recalls and self-perceived salt intake levels among the older Hong Kong population. Kappa statistics and a paired t-test were used to compare the different measures. Fifty-nine participants provided complete 24-h urine samples. The mean (±SD) UNa24 of participants was 2846 ± 1253 mg, of which 74.6% exceeded the recommended daily sodium intake. About 87.8% of participants with UNa24 values >2000 mg perceived their sodium intake as too little or just right. The kappa statistic between UNa24 and self-perception was insignificantly different from zero (κ = −0.003, p-value = 0.909). The UNa24 estimates were significantly higher than those estimated from the 24-h diet recalls by 1203 mg ( p-value <0.001). The findings imply that the low awareness of excessive sodium intake should be raised among older people to promote a healthy intake of sodium.

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Recommending Salt Intake Reduction to the Hypertensive Patient

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

White-coat hypertension

White-coat hypertension

Salt Reduction Behavior and Related Factors in Hypertensive Older Patients

Low awareness of high sodium intake among older Chinese people

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