Recommendations for approaches to meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections of small animals: diagnosis, therapeutic considerations and preventative measures.

Abstract

Background Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in staphylococci, including resistance to the semi‐synthetic penicillinase‐resistant penicillins such as meticillin, is a problem of global proportions that presents serious challenges to the successful treatment of staphylococcal infections of companion animals. Objectives The objective of this document is to provide harmonized recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats. Methods The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to September 2016. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) provided guidance and oversight for this process. A draft of the document was presented at the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology (May 2016) and was then made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the WAVD for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and posted to the GP electronically. Responses were incorporated by the GP into the final document. Conclusions Adherence to guidelines for the diagnosis, laboratory reporting, judicious therapy (including restriction of use policies for certain antimicrobial drugs), personal hygiene, and environmental cleaning and disinfection may help to mitigate the progressive development and dissemination of MDR staphylococci.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of incomplete iron salt of polyacrylic acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and meticillin‐resistant S. aureus

“…This study demonstrated the in vitro antibacterial effect of IIS-PAA against recognized bacterial pathogens where treatment options may be limited because of multidrug resistance. 1,13,14 Although formal clinical breakpoints are not available for such topical therapies, the relatively low MICs (MIC90 < 0.2%), with potential to deliver high concentrations direct to the skin, suggest that this chemical may have potential for clinical use; however, safety and efficacy studies are essential before considering such use.…”

Low prevalence of mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma in Korea

“…Some species serve as opportunistic pathogens; for example, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the primary cause of canine pyoderma . The emergence of meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a major concern in veterinary medicine . MRSP expresses the mecA gene encoding an altered penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) that confers resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics .…”

Effect of prophylactic cefalexin treatment on the development of bacterial infection in acute radiation‐induced dermatitis in dogs: a blinded randomized controlled prospective clinical trial

“…Antibiotic use in the management of canine ARID is often initiated in the absence of cytological or culture‐based evidence of infection . The widespread use of antibiotics is especially concerning given concerns about antimicrobial resistance . The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic cefalexin antibiotic on the prevalence rate of bacterial infection overall, as well as the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) infection in ARID in dogs undergoing definitive‐intent radiotherapy of the skin or subcutaneous tissues.…”

“…1 The widespread use of antibiotics is especially concerning given concerns about antimicrobial resistance. 13 The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic cefalexin antibiotic on the prevalence rate of bacterial infection overall, as well as the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) infection in ARID in dogs undergoing definitiveintent radiotherapy of the skin or subcutaneous tissues. We also aimed to evaluate the effect of antibiotic use and infection on time-to-resolution of ARID, characterize the bacteria encountered in canine ARID infections (including their antibiotic susceptibility), and assess the impact of antibiotic use in both clinician (via previously published radiation skin toxicity grading schemes) and client (via QoL questionnaires) perceived ARID severity.…”