Recombinant Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Cementogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 on plasminogen activation in stem cells from the apical papilla: role of activating receptor‐like kinase 5/Smad2 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signalling

“…PAI‐1 deficiency suppresses the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs (Takifuji et al ). PAI‐1 may also induce the cementoblast and odontoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and SCAP, respectively (Jin et al , Jin & Choung ). Moreover, TGF‐β1‐induced intracellular but not extracellular PAI‐1 may keep the hematopoietic stem cells retaining in the bone marrow stromal niche (Yahata et al ).…”

“…These events are associated with upregulation of Smad2/3, p38, Smad4, nuclear factor I‐C, Runx2 and Osterix. (Jin et al , Jin & Choung ). During tissue repair and inflammation, IL‐1β and TNF‐α are shown to induce uPA expression and production of dental pulp cells (Narita et al , Lin et al ), indicating the important role of uPA.…”

“…On the contrary, PAI‐1 may inhibit uPA and uPA‐uPAR complex and thereby protect the ECM from degradation and promote wound healing (Blasi , Blasi & Carmeliet ). Whether TGF‐β1 may regulate the plasminogen system of SCAP is an intriguing issue, especially since PAI‐1 by itself has been shown to induce the differentiation and mineralization of periodontal ligament stem cells and SCAP (Jin et al , Jin & Choung ).…”

Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontal Ligament Tissue

“…Interestingly, a report demonstrated the formation of Sharpey's fiber-like tissue between PDL and cementum under similar conditions, indicating the complete regeneration of PDL tissues [ 48 ]. Jin et al seeded recombinant human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-treated human PDL-MSCs on the scaffolds constructed with HA/TCP and human tooth root dentin matrix and transplanted them into the dorsal surface of immunocompromised mice [ 49 ]. After 10 weeks, cementum-like structures were formed on the surface of the dentin matrix and PDL-like structures were generated outside of cementum-like structures.…”

Sonic Hedgehog Promotes Cementoblastic Differentiation via Activating the BMP Pathways

“…Cementoblasts share several molecular characteristics with osteoblasts including the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and noncollagenous proteins such as osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) [5]. In vivo animal models to evaluate cementogenesis during toot development, the expression pattern of specific matrix molecules, and in vitro studies about the effects of cementum components on periodontal cells have provided important knowledge on how cementum components can regulate cementum regeneration [6][7][8]. In addition, EMD has been shown to induce cementoblast differentiation and periodontal regeneration in vivo [9].…”