Recombinant GII.P16-GII.2 Norovirus, Taiwan, 2016

Liu, Luke Tzu-Chi; Kuo, Ting-Yu; Wu, Ching-Yi; Liao, Wan-Chun; Hall, Aron J.; Wu, Fang‐Tzy

doi:10.3201/eid2307.170212

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Germany norovirus incidence increased steeply from November 2016, with the recombinant GII.P16/GII.2 the most common genotype identified . This same recombinant, GII.P16/GII.2, was seen to rise in prevalence late 2016 in Taiwan . These reports, combined with data from this study, demonstrate that recent norovirus genotype incidence has been mostly regional in nature, rather than global.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…19 This same recombinant, GII.P16/GII.2, was seen to rise in prevalence late 2016 in Taiwan. 23 These reports, combined with data from this study, demonstrate that recent norovirus genotype incidence has been mostly regional in nature, rather than global. Previous studies 6,12 have shown that all five of the established P2 subdomain hypervariable epitopes (A-E) were involved in the evolution of the previous epidemic strain GII.Pe/GII.4_Sydney_2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

See 1 more Smart Citation

GII.4 norovirus recombinant causes gastroenteritis epidemic in Eastern Australia, winter 2017

Bruggink

Witlox

Huang

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Victoria, Australia, 160 gastroenteritis outbreaks were norovirus positive for the period January-September 2017. A distinctive peak in norovirus outbreaks was seen May-August, with 118 positive outbreaks occurring in the peak period. The peak was primarily due to the emergence of a GII.P4_NewOrleans_2009/GII.4_Sydney_2012 recombinant that had genetically changed sufficiently to escape herd immunity. This recombinant was also identified elsewhere in Australia, with highly similar sequences identified in Queensland during the same time period. The recombinant GII.P4_NewOrleans_2009/GII.4_Sydney_2012 has not been reported to cause norovirus epidemics outside Australia, suggesting regional factors play a role in determining norovirus genotype incidence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

GII.4 norovirus recombinant causes gastroenteritis epidemic in Eastern Australia, winter 2017

Bruggink

Witlox

Huang

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To emerge and persist in human population norovirus generate diverse strains by point mutations and recombination 14 . However, recent outbreaks of norovirus particularly in Asia and Europe were caused by GII.2[P16] and GII.17 [15][16][17][18][19][20] . Therefore, the gene has undergone few nucleotide substitutions, the capsid gene has remained unchanged, possibly because the capsid gene of GII.2 exhibits only limited antigenic evolution 24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the gene has undergone few nucleotide substitutions, the capsid gene has remained unchanged, possibly because the capsid gene of GII.2 exhibits only limited antigenic evolution 24 . The GII.2[P16] strains of norovirus have been increasingly reported from Asia such as China, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Thailand during the 2016-2017 season 18,20,25,26 . The GII.2[P16] strains have been also reported from Europe such as Germany, Italy, and France 17,20,27 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of gastroenteritis by emerging norovirus GII.2[P16] in a kindergarten in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysian Borneo

Ahmed

Dony²,

Mori

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

outbreaks of diarrhea in kindergartens are underreported and frequently go unnoticed in developing countries. to better understand the etiology this study was performed during an outbreak of diarrhea in a kindergarten in Sabah, Malaysia. outbreak investigation was performed according to the standard procedures. In this outbreak a total of 34 (36.5%) children and 4 (30.8%) teachers suffered from gastroenteritis. Stool samples from seven children and 13 teachers were tested for rotavirus and norovirus. During the investigation stool samples were collected and sent in cold chain to the laboratory. the samples were subjected to rotavirus enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription pcR for norovirus. All samples were negative for rotavirus but positive for norovirus. to determine the genogroup and genotype of norovirus, nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons was performed. All norovirus from the outbreak was of genotype GII.2[16]. To determine the relatedness of the strains phylogenetic analysis was done using neighbor-joining method. phylogenetically these strains were highly related to GII.2[P16] noroviruses from China and Japan. This study provided evidence that a diarrheal outbreak in a kindergarten was caused by GII.2[P16] norovirus which is an emerging strain in east Asia and europe.Norovirus is highly infectious and is transmitted primarily from person-to-person through the fecal-oral route within closed settings such as schools, cruise ships, hospitals, childcare facilities and aged-care institutions 1,2 . Currently this virus is divided into ten genogroups GI-GX based on the genetic differences of the capsid protein 3 . GI and GII are primarily responsible for human infection 4 . GII.4 causes most infections worldwide, followed by GII.3 or GII.6 and then other genotypes in varying proportions 5-10 . Although norovirus infection is an important cause of diarrhea in developing countries, outbreaks are under reported and frequently go unnoticed. In Kota Kinabalu, the capital of Sabah state in Malaysia, only two diarrheal outbreaks, including this one, have been reported in kindergartens between 2014 and June 2018. However, kindergartens are vulnerable to norovirus outbreaks: in Pudong district, Shanghai, China, 29 of 60 reported norovirus outbreaks occurred in kindergartens over a period of one year 11 . Therefore, understanding the epidemic situation, relationship with other strains, evolution, genetic variants and the genotype distribution of norovirus during outbreaks is important to determine the best strains to include in future norovirus vaccines. Global surveillance data indicates that several norovirus genotypes are responsible for outbreak but majority are caused by GII.4 12,13 . Since 2002, new GII.4 variants have emerged every two to three years, resulting in epidemics and global pandemics 13 . To emerge and persist in human population norovirus generate diverse strains by point mutations and recombination 14 . However, recent outbreaks of norovirus particularly in Asia and Europe wer...

show abstract

“…Besides, many other rare RdRp/Capsid strains were detected in our study, such as GII.Pe/GII.3 and GII.P16/GII.2. Among them, GII.P16/GII.2 strain was observed only in 2017, however, this strain has become the main genotype in Japan, France, HongKong, Taiwan and other several cities in China during 2016 and 2017 [17,[50][51][52][53][54]. Consequently, it is necessary to continuously monitor those rare strains in Shanghai.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Norovirus in Children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017

Zhong

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Noroviruses are considered the important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups especially in children under five years. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outpatient children from Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Methods A total of 1433 stool specimens were collected from children under ﬁve years with acute gastroenteritis between January 2012 and December 2017. All the samples were analyzed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II targeting both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. Results During 2012 to 2017, NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with high detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746) and in September (27.7%, 33/119). Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominating RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017 while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). The most prevalent NoVs genotype was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220) during 2012 to 2017 among the capsid genotypes. According to genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant RdRp and capsid genotypes, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, GII.P16/GII.2. GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 was completely instead of the pandemic of GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b since 2013 and distributed across all age groups in children. Conclusions The present study shows high detection rates and genetic diversity of circulating NoVs genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoVs strains.

show abstract

Recombinant GII.P16-GII.2 Norovirus, Taiwan, 2016

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

GII.4 norovirus recombinant causes gastroenteritis epidemic in Eastern Australia, winter 2017

GII.4 norovirus recombinant causes gastroenteritis epidemic in Eastern Australia, winter 2017

An outbreak of gastroenteritis by emerging norovirus GII.2[P16] in a kindergarten in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysian Borneo

Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Norovirus in Children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About