Recognizing Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Related Chronic Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, affecting not only high-income but also low- and middle-income countries. Nearly 80 percent of all estimated cardiovascular disease-related deaths worldwide now occur in low- and middle-income countries, where nearly 30 percent of all deaths are attributable to cardiovascular disease. The health burden of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases is also accompanied by a significant deleterious economic impact at the level of both national economies and households. The global trends in the health and economic burden of cardiovascular disease provide a compelling argument in support of prioritizing urgent yet carefully planned efforts to prevent and control cardiovascular disease worldwide-and especially in low- and middle-income countries. After decades of escalating efforts to draw attention to the high burden of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases, this critically important issue is now emerging as a more central part of the global health and development agenda. The breadth of behavioral, biological, social, environmental, and systems-level factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease necessitates multisectoral approaches across the lifecourse that promote healthful lifestyles, reduce risk, and reduce cardiovascular-disease morbidity and mortality through the delivery of quality health care services. Given that the complex interactions among the determinants of cardiovascular disease vary in different contexts, real progress in control efforts will come through approaches that are driven by a country's disease burden and risk profile, capacities, resources, and priorities-approaches that are led by a country's key decision-makers and stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and communities. Many countries are already establishing efforts to address chronic diseases. In addition to these locally driven efforts, success will require active engagement and sustained action from a wide array of stakeholders operating at global and regional levels.

The P4 Health Spectrum – A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan

“…[1][2][3][4] The major chronic diseases listed by World Health Organization (WHO) are cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM);…”

The Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children is Mediated by Abdominal Adiposity: The HAPPY Study

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related morbidity and mortality is a 29 significant health and economic burden worldwide 1 may benefit from interventions to prevent future morbidity.…”

Fatiguing exercise initiated later in life reduces incidence of fibrillation and improves sleep quality in Drosophila

“…Data are displayed as mean ± SEM associated impairment in diastolic function may be reduced by physical exercise, since endurance exercise training had only minimal effects on left ventricular diastolic function by Doppler measures in healthy elderly individuals (Prasad et al 2007;Fujimoto et al 2010;Vigorito and Giallauria 2014). An increased aging population, due to the extension of life expectancy, contributes to the notion of global population aging, with cardiovascular disease remaining the primary contributor to mortality (Kelly et al 2012). It is important to investigate what are the benefits of exercise training started later in life on cardiac aging.…”