Recognition and liquid authority

Sending, Ole Jacob

doi:10.1017/s1752971916000282

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…3. For more information on the informal structure, particularly informal decision-making processes, see Dreher, Sturm andVreeland (2009a, 2009b), Hurd (1997), Pouliot (2016), Prantl (2006), Schia (2017), Sending (2017), and Smith (2006).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Reform of the United Nations Security Council

Baccarini

2018

Contexto int.

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This article analyses attempts to reform the United Nations Security Council from a historical-institutional perspective. It argues that the possibilities for reform have suffered from a ‘lock-in’ effect that has rendered the UN resistant to change. On the other hand, the UN decision-making process has evolved since its establishment, especially since the end of the Cold War, in response to new power aspirations, making it more representative and legitimate. The Security Council has also undergone continuous informal reform that has allowed it to adapt to new times.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Reform of the United Nations Security Council

Baccarini

2018

Contexto int.

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“…The creation of bodies such as the UN Security Council or the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body are cases in point. And even here the formally solid setting conceals rather liquid authority structures, in which authority over issues is often contested and has to be regained in competition and cooperation with other sites (Shaffer et al 2015;Sending 2017).…”

Section: The Production Of Liquid Authoritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other contributions to this symposiumbriefly outlined in section IVtake up these questions with a focus on specific aspects. They address the dynamics behind the production of liquid authority (Sending 2017;Zürn 2017), institutional strategies for coping with (and reducing) liquidity (Black 2017), and the implications of liquidity for questions of accountability and legitimacy (Macdonald and Macdonald 2017). All of them suggest ways in which an appraisal of the more liquid features of authority in the global realm can help us to tackle central questions which the focus on solidity obscures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Liquid authority in global governance

Krisch

2017

Int. Theory

112

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Authority is a key concept in politics and law, and it has found greater attention in the global context in recent years. Most accounts, however, employ a model of ‘solid’ authority borrowed from the domestic realm and focus primarily on commands issued by single institutions. This framing paper argues that such approaches tend to underestimate the extent of authority in global governance and misunderstand its nature, leading to skewed accounts of the emergence of authority and the challenges it poses. Building on an alternative conception – the deference model – the paper calls for including in analyses of global authority also liquid forms, characterized by a higher level of dynamism and typically driven by informality and institutional multiplicity. Such a broader account can help us to redirect empirical inquiries and reframe central questions about authority, relating in particular to the way in which it is produced, the mechanisms through which it might be made accountable and legitimate, and its relation to law.

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“…According to Weber, authority can be based on simple or dull habituation [dumpfe Gewöhnung] as well as on instrumental rationality. He maintains that both the disciplining of subordinates through manipulation and internalization, as well as wellreasoned decisions by autonomous actors, can be the source of authority relationships (see also Sending 2017). He brought in the socialization-based perspective not by disavowing, but by critically questioning the sources of authority.…”

Section: The Meaning Of Authority In Global Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epistemological grounding of authority relationships points to the relevance of the social process in which superior knowledge is established (see also Sending 2017). The notion of reflexive authority does not depend on the assumption that those who are considered as authorities are indeed closer to the truth.…”

Section: Reflexive Authoritymentioning

confidence: 99%

From constitutional rule to loosely coupled spheres of liquid authority: a reflexive approach

Zürn

2017

Int. Theory

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This article develops a reason-based social foundation of new forms of authority, which often are liquid and sectorally limited. The recognition of authority hinges, in this view, on reflexive actors who are aware of their own limits of rationality regarding the lack of either information or a perspective that allows for the pursuit of common goods. In such a reflexive concept of authority, authority takers tend to monitor the authorities closely, and the internalization of the subordinate role is not a necessary part of it. Reflexive authority is embedded in the acceptance of a knowledge order that reproduces the authority relationship. In spite of a tendency toward institutionalization, reflexive authority often comes in a liquid state of aggregation, and almost always with a restricted functional scope. Moreover, this new set-up of authority creates social dynamics that add to liquidity. First, the encompassing constitutionalized rule with majoritarian decision making as major source of legitimacy is increasingly undermined by loosely coupled spheres of specialized authorities, which are most often justified on the basis of expertise. We can observe both the rise of international authorities in the absence of coordination between them, and the rise of similar authorities within the nation state that escape control of the democratic core institutions. As a result, authority gets fragmented and different authorities need to adjust to each other. The second implication of the argument is that democratic legitimation narratives become rare, leading to an ongoing legitimatory contestation of authorities. Both these processes make authority even more liquid.

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Recognition and liquid authority

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Informal Reform of the United Nations Security Council

Informal Reform of the United Nations Security Council

Liquid authority in global governance

From constitutional rule to loosely coupled spheres of liquid authority: a reflexive approach

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