Reclassification of the Cryptococcus humicola complex.

Takashima, Masako; Sugita, Takashi; Saitô, Takako; Nakase, Takashi

doi:10.1099/00207713-51-6-2199

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1 and 2). The monophyletic clades that are defined based on this phylogenetic analysis were rooted with C. humicola, a member of the Trichosporonales (8,48,58).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of PathogenicCryptococcusSpecies and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the Tremellales

et al. 2009

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The basidiomycetous yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are closely related sibling species that cause respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals. Within these two recognized species, phylogenetic analysis reveals at least six cryptic species defined as molecular types (VNI/II/B, VNIV, VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) that comprise the pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex. These pathogenic species are clustered in the Filobasidiella clade within the order Tremellales. Previous studies have shown that the Filobasidiella clade also includes several saprobic fungi isolated from insect frass, but information evaluating the relatedness of the saprobes and pathogens within this cluster is limited. Here, the phylogeny encompassing a subset of species in the Tremellales lineage that clusters closely with the pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex was resolved by employing a multilocus sequencing approach for phylogenetic analysis. Six highly conserved genomic loci from 15 related basidiomycete species were sequenced, and the alignments from the concatenated gene sequences were evaluated with different tree-building criteria. Furthermore, these 15 species were subjected to virulence and phenotype assays to evaluate their pathogenic potential. These studies revealed that Cryptococcus amylolentus and Tsuchiyaea wingfieldii, two nonpathogenic sibling species, are the taxa most closely related to the pathogens C. neoformans and C. gattii and together with Filobasidiella depauperata form a Cryptococcus sensu stricto group. Five other saprobic yeast species form the Kwoniella clade, which appears to be a part of a more distantly related sensu lato group. This study establishes a foundation for future comparative genomic approaches that will provide insight into the structure, function, and evolution of the mating type locus, the transitions in modes of sexual reproduction, and the emergence of human pathogenic species from related or ancestral saprobic species.Recent phylogenetic and genomic studies of the fungal kingdom have illustrated that analysis of both distantly and closely related species provides insight into the evolutionary trajectories of fungal species (16,53). The Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) project applied a high-resolution multilocus sequencing (MLS) approach to 170 species, elucidating broad and specific evolutionary relationships among species (16). Yet, the entire fungal kingdom encompasses an estimated 1.5 million species (14), many more than can be analyzed by this approach. More than 100 fungi have been subjected to wholegenome analysis, including distantly related but also, in some cases, closely aligned species (53). Taken together, these approaches illustrate that comparisons of closely related species, first by MLS and then by whole-genome studies, can impact our understanding of how closely related pathogenic and saprobic fungi have evolved to occupy specialized niches in nature.

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“…1 and 2). The monophyletic clades that are defined based on this phylogenetic analysis were rooted with C. humicola, a member of the Trichosporonales (8,48,58).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of PathogenicCryptococcusSpecies and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the Tremellales

et al. 2009

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“…Fell et al (2000) showed that C. humicola was closely related to the Trichosporonales (C. humicola-Trichosporon lineage) based on analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, but they did not include C. humicola in this order because of a low bootstrap value, 66%. Takashima et al (2001b), however, obtained a high bootstrap value for this lineage after the reclassification of the C. humicola complex and confirmed the inclusion of C. humicola in the Trichosporonales, together with five new species and a new name from the C. humicola complex. It is interesting that Cryptococcus ramirezgomezianus, one of these new species from C. humicola complex, was reported to produce ballistoconidia when it was first described as the new species Sporobolomyces albidus, which was based on a strain isolated from rotted toadstool (Ramírez-Gómez, 1957).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Recently, the orangecolored Bullera species, B. aurantiaca and B. crocea, were transferred to Dioszegia by emending the diagnosis of the genus to include ballistoconidium-forming yeasts (Takashima et al, 2001a). Takashima and Nakase (1999) (Takashima et al, 2001b). Ballistoconidium-forming yeasts were not found in the Filobasidium lineage nor in the C. humicola-Trichosporon lineage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullera taiwanensis sp. nov. and Bullera formosensis sp. nov., two new ballistoconidium-forming yeast species isolated from plant leaves in Taiwan.

Nakase

Tsuzuki

Takashima

2002

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Two strains of ballistoconidiogenous yeasts that contain xylose and form Q-10 ubiquinone were isolated from plant leaves collected in Taiwan and were found to represent two new species. The taxonomic properties of both coincide with the genus Bullera so they are described as Bullera taiwanensis sp. nov. and Bullera formosensis sp. nov. In a phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal DNAs, these two species are distant from the clusters where the remaining members of the genus Bullera are located, i.e., Bullera taiwanensis is located in the Filobasidium lineage (Filobasidiales clade) and Bullera formosensis is located in the Cryptococcus humicola-Trichosporon lineage (Trichosporonales clade).Key Words--Bullera formosensis sp. nov.; Bullera taiwanensis sp. nov.; new ballistoconidiogenous yeasts; new yeasts from Taiwan

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“…Our data corroborate the close phylogenetic relationship between C. ramirezgomezianus and C. humicola. Sugita et al (2000) and Takashima et al (2001) have recently shown that C. humicola is a heterogeneous species. Five novel species (C. longus, C. pseudolongus, C. musci, C. fragicola, C. daszewskae) were proposed.…”

Section: Genotypic Identification Using Partial Sequences Of the 26s mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose a new genus for Cryptococcus species with a ubiquinone Q-9 clustering within the Trichosporonales (Takashima et al, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asterotremella gen. nov. albida, an anamorphic tremelloid yeast isolated from the agarics Asterophora lycoperdoides and Asterophora parasitica

Prillinger

Lopandić

Sugita

et al. 2007

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Reclassification of the Cryptococcus humicola complex.

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of PathogenicCryptococcusSpecies and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the Tremellales

Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of PathogenicCryptococcusSpecies and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the Tremellales

Bullera taiwanensis sp. nov. and Bullera formosensis sp. nov., two new ballistoconidium-forming yeast species isolated from plant leaves in Taiwan.

Asterotremella gen. nov. albida, an anamorphic tremelloid yeast isolated from the agarics Asterophora lycoperdoides and Asterophora parasitica

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