Reclamation of Produced Water for Beneficial Use

Dall-Bauman, Liese; Sirivedhin, Tanita

doi:10.1081/ss-200041910

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Future work will need to go beyond the simplified solution chemistries considered to date [25,26], and in this work. Produced waters from shale plays have been shown to contain significant concentrations of dissolved solids with low solubility, including silica, iron, barium and calcium [1,36].…”

Section: Results: Process Time Energy Consumption and Costsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A study at higher feed water salinity reports energy consumption of 12.4 kW h/m 3 for 80,000 ppm TDS [24]. A number of experimental studies, with desalination occurring in a batch mode, report the process times required to achieve a final target purity as increasing with the feed salinity [25,26] but leave unclear how process times translate into equipment costs. Furthermore, energy consumption in batch processes is often reported as an average kW h/kg salt removed for an entire process without focusing on how this value varies depending upon the diluate, and to a lesser extent the concentrate, salinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the cost of electrodialysis for the desalination of high salinity feeds

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose the use of electrodialysis to desalinate produced waters from shale formations in order to facilitate water reuse in subsequent hydraulic fracturing processes. We focus on establishing the energy and equipment size required for the desalination of feed waters containing total dissolved solids of up to 192,000 ppm, and we do this by experimentally replicating the performance of a 10-stage electrodialysis system. We find that energy requirements are similar to current vapour compression desalination processes for feedwaters ranging between roughly 40,000-90,000 TDS, but we project water costs to potentially be lower. We also find that the cost per unit salt removed is significantly lower when removed from a high salinity stream as opposed to a low salinity stream, pointing towards the potential of ED to operate as a partial desalination process for high salinity waters. We then develop a numerical model for the system, validate it against experimental results and use this model to minimise salt removal costs by optimising the stack voltage. We find that the higher the salinity of the water from which salt is removed the smaller should be the ratio of the electrical current to its limiting value. We conclude, on the basis of energy and equipment costs, that electrodialysis processes are potentially feasible for the desalination of high salinity waters but require further investigation of robustness to fouling under field conditions.

show abstract

Section: Results: Process Time Energy Consumption and Costsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

On the cost of electrodialysis for the desalination of high salinity feeds

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Traditional technologies such as clarifiers, dissolved air flotation, hydrocyclones and disposable filters and absorbers respectively [e.g., 5] do not achieve the separation efficiency required for beneficial use of produced water by meeting potable and irrigation water quality standards [6]. The practicality of using treated produced water for beneficial purposes depends on a number of factors, including the volume of water available, the existence of a local need for water, and the amount of treatment required to meet government or industry-use standards [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the use of different ceramic membranes for efficient oil-field produced water treatment

Ebrahimi¹,

Willershausen²,

Ashaghi³

et al. 2010

Desalination

230

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efficient performance of the combination of treatment processes for oilfield produced water generated from oil tank dewatering was investigated in the study presented below. Byproduced wastewater is generated in significant quantity during exploitation of crude oil and gas from onshore and offshore production operations. This wastewater, commonly referred to as "produced water", has distinctive characteristics, due to their organic and inorganic compounds. However, these characteristics change from well to well. The treatment process investigated here consists of a pre-treatment step utilizing microfiltration (0.1 and 0.2µm pore size filters) and/or a simulated batch dissolved air flotation (DAF), and a multistage posttreatment step utilizing cross-flow ultra-(0.05µm pore size and 20kDa molecular weight cutoff filters), and nanofiltration (1 and 0.75kDa MWCO filters). Filters used were ceramic membranes. To determine the separation capability of the processes described, various parameters, such as trans-membrane pressure varying from 0.5 to 2 bar, cross-flow velocity in the range of 0.6 to 1.3m/s, influent oil concentration ranging from 32 to 5420 parts per million (ppm) and different membrane cleaning methods used were investigated. The average permeate flux varied from 3.4 to 3300 l/h*m²*bar, total oil removal was up to 99.5% and total organic carbon removal reached 49%.

show abstract

“…If productivity is the criteria, then the cost becomes $ 60 and $ 20 for ceramic and polymeric membranes, respectively. [60] In a process, boron and solubilized hydrocarbons were separated from aqueous liquids such as produced water. In this study divalent ions were removed by adding a water softener to the water and raising the pH to about 9.5.…”

Section: Combined Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%