State of the Art Treatment of Produced Water

Duraisamy, R; Beni, Ali Heydari; Henni, Amr

doi:10.5772/53478

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Different treatment options are available for Marcellus shale well flowback and produced water, and treatment cost varies with different goals for end point of water quality. The cost of reuse of produced water is reported to range from 36 to 63 cents/m 3 of produced water in 2012, 77 which includes some primary treatment such as settling or filtration to remove suspended solids. Deep well injection cost varies from 0.59 to 13 dollars/m 3 of produced water in 2012.…”

Section: Approach and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Impacts of a Marcellus Shale Gas Well

Jiang

Hendrickson

VanBriesen

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

177

114

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This study estimates the life cycle water consumption and wastewater generation impacts of a Marcellus shale gas well from its construction to end of life. Direct water consumption at the well site was assessed by analysis of data from approximately 500 individual well completion reports collected in 2010 by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Indirect water consumption for supply chain production at each life cycle stage of the well was estimated using the economic input–output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) method. Life cycle direct and indirect water quality pollution impacts were assessed and compared using the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI). Wastewater treatment cost was proposed as an additional indicator for water quality pollution impacts from shale gas well wastewater. Four water management scenarios for Marcellus shale well wastewater were assessed: current conditions in Pennsylvania; complete discharge; direct reuse and desalination; and complete desalination. The results show that under the current conditions, an average Marcellus shale gas well consumes 20 000 m3 (with a range from 6700 to 33 000 m3) of freshwater per well over its life cycle excluding final gas utilization, with 65% direct water consumption at the well site and 35% indirect water consumption across the supply chain production. If all flowback and produced water is released into the environment without treatment, direct wastewater from a Marcellus shale gas well is estimated to have 300–3000 kg N-eq eutrophication potential, 900–23 000 kg 2,4D-eq freshwater ecotoxicity potential, 0–370 kg benzene-eq carcinogenic potential, and 2800–71 000 MT toluene-eq noncarcinogenic potential. The potential toxicity of the chemicals in the wastewater from the well site exceeds those associated with supply chain production, except for carcinogenic effects. If all the Marcellus shale well wastewater is treated to surface discharge standards by desalination, $59 000–270 000 per well would be required. The life cycle study results indicate that when gas end use is not considered hydraulic fracturing is the largest contributor to the life cycle water impacts of a Marcellus shale gas well.

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Section: Approach and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Impacts of a Marcellus Shale Gas Well

Jiang

Hendrickson

VanBriesen

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

177

114

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“…Produced water is wastewater from underground formations that is brought to the surface during oil and gas production and it is an undesirable product in the hydrocarbon reservoirs [4] [5]. It contributes the largest volume of waste stream associated with oil and gas production [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Coday et al about 14 billion barrel of produced water are produced annually [3] while Duraisamy et al (2013) posited that 77 billion barrel of water are produced per annum globally [7]. Usually, produced water is always in contact with hydrocarbons in reservoir or surface pipelines thereby making it a complex mixture comprising of polar and non-polar organic components, cations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of using membrane processes include the ease of operation and the use of little or no chemicals [7]. The membrane technology used in produced water and waste water treatments are classified according to pore size and they include: Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Electrodialysis and Reverse Osmosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Igunnu and Chen (2014) hinged on the advantages of MBR as possessing highly-improved effluent quality, higher biomass concentration and less sludge Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science production [9]. The application of Membrane Bioreactor for treatment of produced water experimentally is currently on [7], but work on design, modeling and simulation is lacking. In the present work, MBR design model that predicts the removal of contaminants entrained in produced water is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer-Aided Design and Simulation of a Membrane Bioreactor for Produced Water Treatment

Dagde¹,

Nwidadaa²

2018

ACES

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Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) has been designed and simulation for the treatment of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Oil/ Grease in produced water at a capacity of 54.1778 kg/hr for removal of 95%-99% contaminants. The MBR design equations were developed using the law of conservation of mass to determine the dimensions and functional parameters. The developed performance equations were integrated numerically using fourth-order Runge-Kutta embedded in MATLAB computer program to determine the optimum range of values of the reactor functional dimensions and functional parameters. The effect of rate of energy supply per reactor volume and substrate specific rate constant on the capacity of the membrane bioreactor were investigated. Also, the effect of initial loading of substrate on Solid Retention Time (SRT) was also investigated. Results showed that kinetic parameters influenced the percentage removal of contaminants as Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and size of MBR decreased with increase in specific rate constant at fixed conversion of contaminants. Also, HRT and MBR size increased as the conversion of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was increased, while increased in the ratio of energy supplied per volume resulted in decreased of MBR volume. The effect of initial loading of substrate on SRT showed that increased in substrate loading increased the retention time of the solid at fixed substrate conversion, while the conversion of substrate to microorganism increased as the solid retention time was increased. The increased in initial loading of substrate concentration increased the production of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS). Thus, the size of MBR required for the conversion of the investigated contaminants at the design percentage removal increased in the following order: oil/grease < TSS < TOC < TDS. The MBR volume, height and HRT were 1.10 and 5.

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Coalescence process to treat produced water: an updated overview and environmental outlook

Almeida

Esquerre

Soletti

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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State of the Art Treatment of Produced Water

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Life Cycle Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Impacts of a Marcellus Shale Gas Well

Life Cycle Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Impacts of a Marcellus Shale Gas Well

Computer-Aided Design and Simulation of a Membrane Bioreactor for Produced Water Treatment

Coalescence process to treat produced water: an updated overview and environmental outlook

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